Lombroso Criminal Features

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Sheldon Somatotypes Endomorph Ectomorph Mesomorph

Genetics Abnormal chromosome pattern XYY Hormones and Neurotransmitters a)Testosterone – high levels associated with aggression b) Serotonin – low levels associated with poor impulse control

Psychoanalytic Approach There are 3 parts to the mind The Id Resides in the unconscious mind Contains basic instincts and desires. Is totally selfish

The Super Ego This acts as our conscience. It expects us to behave unselfishly all the time even when this is totally unrealistic It resides partially in the unconscious mind

The Ego This resides in the conscious mind It must balance pressure from the Id and the Superego It decides how we will behave

Poor development of the super ego could lead to criminal behaviour. Problems with relationships in childhood leads to problems in adulthood life. This could occur when parents provide poor role models or the relationship between parent and child is poor For example Bowlby’s Theory of Maternal Deprivation.

Learning Theories Social Learning – We copy behaviours we see others performing. The influence of the media could be important here

Differential Association Model The advantages and disadvantages of obeying the law or performing criminal behaviour are weighed up Which ever behaviour appears to have the most advantages or fewest disadvantages to it is the behaviour performed

Psychoticism Eysenck: Personality Stability/Neurotocism Introversion/Extroversion Stability/Neurotocism Psychoticism

Criminal Personality These individuals have high scores for extraversion, neurotocism and psychoticism Extraverts take less notice of the opinion of others and are harder to condition High scorers for neurotic react emotionally and have difficult to deal with stress High scores for psychoticism could mean the person is cold and cannot empathise with others

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