Urbanization and Immigration Immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe African Americans Moved North Both Faced Discrimination Urban Nation Emergence of Big Cities Chicago—industrial and ethnic San Francisco—Gateway to Asian Immigrants Angel Island
Chinese Exclusion Acts Chinese immigrants came for the Gold Rush Chinese laborers built railroads in the west Post-railroad competition 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act Renewed until 1943
Congress Expressed Regrets Repeal of Chinese Exclusion Acts in 1943 –US and China as allies –Service of Chinese Americans in war Judy Chu, first Chinese American woman elected to Congress, pushed for Congress to acknowledge historical wrongs Congress expressed regrets over CEA in