Dieting and Obesity. Setpoint Theory of Weight Setpoint: what an individual weighs when s/he eats a “normal” amount of food in a “normal” way May not.

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Presentation transcript:

Dieting and Obesity

Setpoint Theory of Weight Setpoint: what an individual weighs when s/he eats a “normal” amount of food in a “normal” way May not be the same as one’s psychologically ideal weight

Basal Metabolic Rate Definition Variations Factors that increase or decrease BMR

Keys Study on Starvation (1950) Purpose Subjects Method

Effects of Starvation Physical responses Appetitive responses Psychological responses

Sims et al. Study on Weight Gain (1968) Purpose Subjects Method

Effects of Attempting to Gain Weight Increases in body temperature and perspiration Post-experiment weight stabilization

Heritability Estimates from Twin Studies Breast Cancer45% Coronary Heart Disease49% Epilepsy50% Alcoholism57% Schizophrenia68% Height80% Weight81%

Overweight and Obese Body Mass Index guidelines Health profession’s insistence on treating obesity

Addictions Model of Obesity Food as a drug Effects on mesocorticolimbic system – the dopamine pathway Sensitivity to reward Poor decision making

Dieting Methods Fasting Liquid protein Very low calorie diets Low calorie diets Low fat diets Commercial weight loss programs

Quote: “If a cure from obesity is defined as a reduction to ideal weight and maintenance of that weight for 5 years, a person is more likely to recover from most forms of cancer than from obesity” Kelly Brownell

Medical Complications of Obesity Prospective studies Cross-sectional studies

Mortality Selective citations Protective factors of overweight mostly ignored

Summary Negative impact of obesity on longevity and health has been overstated Dieting is an ineffective treatment for obesity Dieting may do more harm than help

Restrained vs. Unrestrained Eaters Weight Cognitive Performance Mood Self-Esteem Eating Behaviour