Unit 1 Matter and Energy Everything you see including the gasses that you can not see are all made up of matter. The basic definition of matter is anything made up of mass and occupies space. What is matter?

Unit 1 Matter and Energy All matter is made up of mass. Mass is the measure of the quantity of matter. Weight as opposed to mass is the earth’s gravitational attraction for matter. Also associated with weight and mass is something called inertia. Inertia means something that resist a change in motion.

The law of Conservation of Mass. States that matter can neither be created nor destroyed in ordinary chemical or physical changes. Example would be a paper is burned the mass of the ash, light molecules, heat, and vapors would be equal to the paper.

Energy Energy is the ability to cause change or the ability to do work. All energy is classified into two different organizations; Kinetic energy and potential energy.

Kinetic Energy Is the energy of an object in motion. Example would be the energy of a car driving down the road. If someone steps out in front of the car. They would get struck with that energy. The kinetic energy a moving object has depends on its mass and velocity/speed.

Potential Energy The energy an object has because of its position or composition is classified as potential energy. An example would be a spring pressed behind a wooden block. As long as the block is in place the spring still has potential energy. Once the block is removed the potential energy then becomes Kinetic energy.

Law of conservation of Energy States that energy can be converted from one form to another, but it cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical or physical changes. Example back to the burned paper. Even though the paper has changed chemically energy was not lossed.

States of Matter Solid state – Is the state of any matter that has a definite shape and volume. Liquid state  is the state of any matter that has a definite volume and the ability to flow and take the shape of a container. Gaseous state - is the state of any matter that has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. Plasma state A gaseous system composed of positively-charged particles and negatively-charged electrons.

Properties and changes of Matter Properties are characteristics that enable us to distinguish one kind of matter from another. Properties of matter include both physical properties and chemical properties.

Physical Properties A physical property can be observed or measured without altering the identity of a material. Most physical properties can be described both Qualitatively and Quantitatively. – Example a rock can be described as large, but with a ruler you can give the rock a quantitative description.

Physical Properties Physical properties can also be broken down into two different categories. – The first category would be Extensive Physical properties. Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter present and include mass, length, and volume. – The second would be Intensive Physical properties. These properties do not depend on the amount of matter present and include melting point, boiling point, density, ductility, malleability, color, crystalline shape, and refractive index.

Physical Properties Any change in a physical property of matter that does not result in a change in identity is called a physical change. Changes of state are referring to the changes among the states of matter. Solid to liquid, liquid to gas, gas to plasma, and gas to solid. Changes of state do not alter the identity of a substance.

Chemical Properties Refers to the ability of a substance to undergo a change that alters its identity. They are observed when substances are converted to new substances. Example would be wood turning to ash after being oxidized by the air.

Chemical Properties Any change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances with different characteristic properties is described as a chemical change or a chemical reaction. Within a chemical reaction you have two components the reactants and the products.

Reactants The substance or substances that undergo a chemical reaction are the reactants. Examples of some reactants are sodium and chloride in your table salt. Sodium and Chloride are reactants used in making Sodium Chloride.

Products The new substance or substances produced by a chemical reaction are the products. Using the previous example Sodium Chloride is a product of Sodium + Chloride.

Chemical reactions written Chemical reactions are typically written in the form of: – Products Reactants

Arrows The arrows like the one used on the previous slide indicate chemical or sometimes physical changes and are read as Yields or Gives. Write and explain a reaction.

Indications of a Chemical reaction Some ways to know that for certain there has been a chemical reaction take place is to look at evolution of heat and light, production of gas, and formation of a precipitate or solid.

Evolution of Heat and Light An example of this would be burning gas, wood, or paper. Energy is released from the substance in the form of heat and light.

Production of a gas When mixing two solutions they might bubble. The releasing of the bubbles show that a chemical reaction might be taking place.

Formation of a Precipitate. First a solid that separates out of solution is known as a precipitate. An example would be to mix a solution to precipitate the gold out of the oceans. Fun fact it is estimated that there are billions of dollars of gold dissolved in the worlds oceans.