SSUSH14 – The student will explain America’s evolving relationship with the world at the turn of the twentieth century. a. Explain the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and anti-Asian immigration sentiment on the west coast. Chinese immigrants were coming to the U.S. on the west coast (Angel Island). Worked on railroads and took lower wages for jobs. This created an anti-Asian sentiment among native-born Americans who feared that jobs would go to Chinese immigrants. In 1882, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which banned all future immigration from China except students, teachers, tourists, merchants, & gov’t officials. Was not repealed until 1943.

Spanish-American War (1898) b. Describe the Spanish-American War, the war in the Philippines, and the debate over American expansionism. Spanish-American War (1898) In 1895 Jose’ Marti (Cuba) started another revolution against Spain. Spain responded by sending in Valeriano Weyler, who put nearly 300,000 Cubans in concentration camps. U.S. helps Cuba – Causes of War Yellow Journalism - exaggerating or stretching the truth. Sinking of the USS Maine – U.S. battleship explodes while sitting in the harbor of Habana, Cuba. U.S. blames Spain. Wanted to remove European influence from Western Hemisphere April 1898 U.S. declares war on Spain

Spanish-American War Remember the Maine!

Ending the War War lasted 3 years, killing nearly 25,000 people. Treaty of Paris (1898) – Ended war with following terms: Cuba is independent U.S. gets Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines U.S. pays Spain $20 million U.S. gives Philippines partial home rule As a result of the Spanish-Am War: U.S. now owns an empire (American Expansionism) Ends U.S. isolationism U.S. emerges as a world power

Expansionism Debate

On June 2, 1899, the First Philippine Republic officially declared war against the United States. The war officially ended on July 4, 1902. Estimated 220,000 Filipino casualties and 4,000 U.S. military casualties The Philippines becomes an unicoporated territory of the United States (a colony with limited self rule). Granted independence in 1946

War in the Philippines

The Debate over American Expansionism To the Person Sitting in Darkness (Mark Twain), “There must be two Americas: one that sets the captive free, and one that takes a once-captive's new freedom away from him, and picks a quarrel with him with nothing to found it on; then kills him to get his land. . .”

The Anti-imperialist league On June 15, 1898, formed to fight U.S. annexation of the Philippines, citing a variety of reasons ranging from the economic to the legal to the racial to the moral. It included among its members as Andrew Carnegie, Mark Twain, William James,, and Samuel Gompers.

The Moro Crater Massacre (1906) U.S. Army under the command of Major General Leonard Wood, a naval detachment comprising 540 soldiers, along with a detachment of Filipino Soldiers, armed with artillery and small firearms, attacked a village hidden in the crater of the dormant volcano Bud Dajo. More than 600 mostly Muslim Moro  villagers (including many women and children) were killed by the Americans, of whom fifteen soldiers were killed and thirty-two were wounded.

c. Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine and the creation of the Panama Canal Roosevelt Corollary European powers were getting involved in Latin America Teddy Roosevelt wanted US to be the most powerful influence in Latin American. “Speak softly and carry a big stick” policy The Roosevelt Corollary stated: the U.S. would use force to protect its economic interests in Latin America

Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine “BIG STICK DIPLOMACY”

U.S. involvement in Latin America

c. Explain U.S. involvement in Latin America, as reflected by the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine and the creation of the Panama Canal Panama Canal - A canal built by the U.S. cutting across Central America to reduce travel time and provide a short cut between the oceans for commercial and military ships. U.S. chose Panama for the canal, which belonged to Colombia. They refused our offer…wanted more $. US helps Panama rebel against Colombia Panama accepts our offer ($10m and $250,000 a year) Canal built between 1904-1914

Creation of the Panama Canal