 Negative Liberty  Gov’t exists to stop people from taking your rights  Positive Liberty  Gov’t exists to improve your condition

 Individual  State  Federal

 Social Issues  Temperance Movement  Abolitionism  Prison/ Asylum/ School Reform

 Farmer/Worker Issues  Greenback Labor Party ▪ Gov’t should use paper money/ Inflate currency  Populist Party ▪ Bimetalism ▪ Graduated Income Tax ▪ Direct Election of Senators ▪ 8 Hour Day ▪ Gov’t control of Railroads/Telephone Lines

 Progressivism=Domestic White Man’s Burden

 Henry Demarest Lloyd  “Wealth Against Commonwealth” (Standard Oil)  Jacob Riis  “How The Other Half Lives” (Slums)  Lincoln Steffens: “The Shame of the Cities”  Ida Tarbell: Standard Oil  Upton Sinclair: “The Jungle”

 “Jungle”

 Middle Class  Small businessmen  Squeezed out by the trusts above  Threatened by the poor below  Upper Class  Idealists  Help the Poor  Rep./Dem.

 Initiative  Recall  Referendum  Secret Ballots

 City  Truancy Laws  Clean Slums  Juvenile Delinquents  Prostitution  Work Conditions  Clean Water

 States  Gov. Robert “Fighting Bob” La Follette (Wi) ▪ Broke up trusts/ Regulated Railroads/ Direct Election of Senator/ Women’s Suffrage/ State Income Tax ▪ 1906 Names self Senator  Gov. Hiram Johnson (Ca) ▪ Regulated Railroads

 1911  146 women killed

 Lochner v NY (1905)- Con  Right to Contract  Muller v Oregon (1908)- Pro  States can restrict women’s work hours

 Women’s Christian Temperance Union  Anti-Saloon League

 Three C’s  Control of Corporations  Consumer Protection  Conservation

 Anthracite Strike (1902)  TR threatens to seize mines

 Department of Commerce (1903)  Elkins Act (1903)  Railroads cannot offer rebates  Hepburn Act  Gov’t can set maximum rate for RR’s

 “Trust Buster”  Northern Securities Company: J P Morgan  40 Trusts Busted  Only the “Bad” Trusts

 Meat Inspection Act (1906)  Pure Food and Drug Act  US v. Coca Cola

 Newlands Act (1902)  Irrigation and sale of land  25% of Nations forests set aside  18 National Monuments

 1906  City Destroyed  killed

 Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory combined into Oklahoma (1907)

 Causes  Hepburn Act crushes RR stocks  Standard Oil fined for trust violations  Copper Corner Fails  Knickerbocker Trust Collapses  Unemployment from 3-8%

 Solution  J.P. Morgan floats the economy  Gains Steel Trust

 Aldrich Vreeland Act (1908)  Banks could issue emergency currency  Proposed a Federal Reserve