Two Small Wars in Asia Japan v China Japan v Western Allies

For centuries the Japanese had kept foreigners out of their islands. American admiral Matthew Perry is credited with “opening” Japan to Westerners in 1852.

Japan saw how many parts of Asia and Africa were made into colonies by Europeans and Japan resolved to learn Western ways and become strong to avoid this fate.

Japan sent many of her young men to college in the US and Western Europe to learn Western ways— especially technology. In 1905 Japan shocked the world by defeating____ in a short war.

Japan sent many of her young men to college in the US and Western Europe to learn Western ways— especially technology. In 1905 Japan shocked the world by defeating_RUSSIA in a short war.

Japan had taken over Korea in the late 1800’s and took over part of Manchuria From Russia in 1905 Russo Japanese War. The Great Depression hurt Japan a lot. Convinced that other countries were blocking Japanese trade, Japan decided to expand its empire.

Japan is an island. As it built more industry,Japaneseneededmore __________ _______

Japan is an island. As it built more industry,Japaneseneededmore Raw materials

Japan built up its army and especially its navy during the early 1900’s. Although the Although the Emperor was regarded as a god, politically Japan was ruled by a war party dedicated to building an empire.

The Japanese regarded themselves as the racially superior to other Asians. In 1930’s Japan In 1930’s Japan allied itself with FASCIST ITALY AND GERMANY in the AXIS.

In 1931, JapanattackedChinese forces in Manchuria.

Japan set up a “puppet government” in Manchuria which Japan renamed Manchukuo. The League of The League of Nations sharply criticized Japan but could not agree up on any real action.

In 1937, JapanattackedChinaitself.Japanesesoldiersbehavedverybrutally.

China had been racked by a civil war between “democrat” Chiang Kai-shek And Communist Mao Zedong. They stopped fighting each other to fight the Japanese.

Inspired by the plight of the Chinese, former Air Force General Claire Chennault led a group of American volunteer flyers called the Flying Tigers to help Chinese.

Japan conquered huge sections of the Chinese coast. When Hitler started the war in Europe, Japan took the opportunity to attack European colonies in Asia

With Britain, France, & Netherlands occupied in Europe, Japan made a grab for their colonies in the Pacific. Japan was particularly interested in Indonesia because it had _______

With Britain, France, & Netherlands occupied in Europe, Japan made a grab for their colonies in the Pacific. Japan was particularly interested in Indonesia because it had _OIL. ONLY ONE POWER IN THE WAY ______________

With Britain, France, & Netherlands occupied in Europe, Japan made a grab for their colonies in the Pacific. Japan was particularly interested in Indonesia because it had _OIL. ONLY ONE POWER IN THE WAY THE UNITED STATES

Japan made a great gamble to knock out the US NAVY with a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. Japan thought that by the time US recovered, Japan would have grabbed all the land it wanted

Pearl Harbor was greatest disaster ever suffered by the US Military. All EIGHT BATTLESHIPS were sunk along with eight other ships Americans were killed and 1500 wounded

1500 of American dead came from the USS ARIZONA which took torpedo directly into powder storage area. The ship exploded and sank quickly. Because they sank in SHALLOW WATER, the other seven ships were raised and repaired. All fought later in the war. The Arizona was left alone and made into a memorial.

By the grace of God, the four AIRCRAFT CARRIERS were not in Port at time of attack. The carriers proved to be much more important in this war than battleships.

Japan moved against AUSTRALIA. US sent its four AIRCRAFT CARRIERS And fleet to block. BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA was fought entirely with aircraft. The ships never sighted each other. ships never sighted each other. The battle was a draw BUT JAPAN WITHDREW INVASION FLEET FROM AUSTRALIA. US lost USS LEXINGTON

Meanwhile the US planned a way to quickly strike back at Japan. DOOLITTLE RAID involved a naval fleet sneaking as close as possible to Japan & launching modified B 25 bombers from the decks of carriers. After bombing Tokyo for a matter of seconds, the planes flew on to China. Several of the flyers gave their lives. Although no actual damage was done, the Japanese freaked out that American bombers could threaten EMPEROR!

Japan resolved to crush the US Navy once And for all. They sailed two HUGE task Forces to take MIDWAY ISLAND. Fortunately the US had broken Japanese Naval Code so we could read their signals. US had had a pretty good idea of the plan.

Japan had overwhelming force moving against Midway Island. JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 ________ Battleships 15 ________

Japan had overwhelming force moving against Midway Island. JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 NONE Other ships 50

Japan had overwhelming force moving against Midway Island. JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 NONE Other ships 50 20___ Men 5500

Japan had overwhelming force moving against Midway Island. JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 NONE Other ships 50 20___ Men Carriers 4

Japan had overwhelming force moving against Midway Island. JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 NONE Other ships 50 20___ Men Carriers 4 3__ Ship based fighting Planes 400

Japan had overwhelming force moving against Midway Island. JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 NONE Other ships 50 20___ Men Carriers 4 __3 Ship based fighting Planes

Japan divided their force and put the Battleships in the second group Many miles behind the carriers. As the battle developed, there were Three parts Japanese navy Japanese navy American navy American navy American forces on Midway Island American forces on Midway Island

Japanese carriers bombed Midway Island while the three US carriers Lay over the horizon. Both navies Were in frantic sea plane search for The other force. Finally an American scout plane sighted the Japanese. American Admiral SPRUANCE immediately Launched ALL attack planes.

Two types of attack planes torpedo bombers torpedo bombers dive bombers dive bombers Fighters stayed with the carriers to Protect against Japanese attack. Launched by squads and flew separately toward Japanese

Meanwhile Japanese have bombed Midway and planes got back to ships to be refueled and rearmed with ship sinking bombs. Japanese crews work frantically to fuel the planes and put in more bombs. Just then some B-17 bombers from Midway arrive and bomb Japanese Ships. All bombs miss,

BUT Japanese admiral decides to bomb MIDWAY ISLAND before going after American carriers. Japanese Japanese admiral decides to bomb MIDWAY ISLAND before going after American carriers. Japanese Scout planes have still failed to sight Americans. Japanese crews take off ship bombs And put on land bombs. In hurry Nothing is put away - ALL ARE LEFT ON THE CARRIER DECKS

Finally Japanese scout plane reports Seeing American “ship.” Just then The American torpedo planes arrive

The American torpedo planes attack The Japanese carriers. They are Shot out of the sky. Only 4 or 5 of The 24 crewmen live through the battle. By this time it is 10:25 am. Japanese position- all fighter planes Are at sea level having attacked the American torpedo planes. All that fuel And bombs and planes are still spread All over the carrier decks.

Just as Japanese are at their most Vulnerable, at 10:25 am, the American DIVE BOMBERS arrive!

JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 NONE Other ships 50 20___ Men Carriers 4 __3 Ship based fighting Planes

JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 NONE Other ships 50 20___ Men Carriers ALL SUNK 3__ Ship based fighting Planes

JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 NONE Other ships 50 20___ Men Carriers ALL SUNK 3__ Ship based fighting Planes ALL LOST 150

JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 NONE Other ships 50 20___ Men ALMOST ALL PILOTS DROWNED 2000 PILOTS DROWNED 2000 Carriers ALL SUNK 3__ Ship based fighting Planes ALL LOST 150

Basically at 10:25 am, Japan was Basically at 10:25 am, Japan was Winning the war. FIVE MINUTES LATER JAPAN HAD LOST

Basically at 10:25 am, Japan was Basically at 10:25 am, Japan was Winning the war. FIVE MINUTES LATER JAPAN HAD LOST as Japan could never make up the lost ships, planes and esp. up the lost ships, planes and esp. pilots. Japan never launched another attack. It was all defense pilots. Japan never launched another attack. It was all defense back to Tokyo. back to Tokyo.

This glorious outcome for the US This glorious outcome for the US Had been bought by the brave actions of the torpedo plane crews who did their duty without hesitation or question.

After Midway, the US followed After Midway, the US followed Strategy of ISLAND HOPPING – Taking one island group after another Until they got within striking distance Of Japanese Home Island. OKINAWA was last island before the Home islands. Japan used Kamikazis Suicide planes. Fought to death.