A habitat is where and organism lives An ecosystem is all the living organisms in an area and all their interactions Biodiversity- the variety of different species living in an area, ecosystem or habitat

The main types of ecosystems in the UK are: Deciduous and coniferous woodland( deciduous plants- lose their leaves in the winter, coniferous plants do not) Meadows Grass land moorland

Deciduous and coniferous woodland ( deciduous plants- lose their leaves in the winter, coniferous plants do not) Deciduous woodlands can support more biodiversity as there is more light- plants on the ground can survive and invertebrates can eat the dead leaves

meadow Have high diversity as herbicides are not used on them (herbicides- chemicals used to kill weeds)

Grassland

moorland Forms on acidic soils This soil is peat, it is fibrous and made up of decayed vegetation This soil is infertile The plant heather grows well here because it is adapted to survive in the acidic soil

Behavioural adaptations How an organism behaves to help them to survive eg. Hibernation due to less food and colder climates. Hibernation allows an animal to lower its body temperature for the winter.

Structural adaptations How the organism has evolved to help it survive eg Plant roots

Climate- the weather conditions over a large area, over time Weather conditions-what the weather is like over an area: temperature, wind, rain sun etc A micro climate is the climate of a small area within a larger area

Shelter belts Man made shelter belts are grown the protect plants and soil from the wind. They are often used near the coast. The farmer is creating a micro climate

Urban heat island Cities are warmer than the surrounding countryside

Hedgerows Allow for more biodiversity and can create shelter from the wind. Mice, and small animals live in them, insects breed on them.

Each link represents a trophic level Producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer Tertiary consumer

Pyramid of numbers- shows the number of organisms at each trophic level

Pyramid of biomass- shows the dry mass at each trophic level

Energy is lost at each trophic level as it is being used when the organism moves, excretes waste, respires and to keep its body temperature constant. Farmers can reduce the energy lost by keeping animals warm and reducing the amount of movement they can make

ICT Animals and plants need to be kept in the correct conditions Animals need enough ventilation, food, water and temperature Plants need the right amount of carbon dioxide, water, temperature, nutrients and light intensity All these conditions can be better monitored using ICT equipment- advantages- saves time, people do not need to work unsociable hours, machines can make adjustments quickly

Physical weathering When rocks are broken up into smaller pieces by the effects of water, temperature and weather. Rain may enter the rocks- this may freeze, causing the cracks to expand and the rock will break

Chemical weathering When chemicals in the rocks react with other chemicals Eg rain water is slightly acidic so reacts with rocks

Biological weathering When animals and plants break up the rocks Eg roots growing in rocks

Erosion- carrying the material formed by weathering away from that site Decomposition- the settling of this eroded material

An ecosystem is all the living organisms in an area and all their interactions A natural ecosystem has been established over time An artificial ecosystem is controlled by humans

Transect line-is line across a habitat or part of a habitat Transect line-is line across a habitat or part of a habitat. The number of organisms of each species can be observed and recorded at regular intervals along the transect.

Pooter- Used to collect insects Pitfall trap-Used to collect insects, small amphibians and small reptiles (passive collecting) Net -Used to collect airborne insects (active collecting)

soil Sandy soil- does not hold moisture

Clay soil holds water and minerals is very fertile Clay soil holds water and minerals is very fertile. It can become easily waterlogged and is difficult to dig through

Loam- made up of a mixture of components of soil, it hold water but drains easily

Soil is made up of clay, silt, sand and humus