Chapter 5 Weather/Climate

Blowing in the Wind Benefits of wind Benefits of wind Hazards of wind Hazards of wind “Red tides” “Red tides” Volcanoes and climate Volcanoes and climate Everything is connected Everything is connected Fig. 5-1, p. 78

Blowing in the Wind Fig. 5-1, p. 78

Weather and Climate Differences between weather and climate Differences between weather and climate Major factors determining climate Major factors determining climate –Uneven heating of Earth’s surface –Earth’s rotation –Properties of air, water, and land

Fig. 5-2, p. 80 Earth’s Climatic Zones

60ºN 30ºN 0º 30ºs 60ºS Cold deserts Westerlies Forests Hot deserts Northeast trades Forests Equator Hot deserts Forests Southeast trades Westerlies Cold deserts Fig. 5-3, p. 80 Earth’s Rotation and Climate Fig. 5-3, p. 80

Fig. 5-4, p. 81 Cell 3 South Moist air rises — rain Cell 2 South Cool, dry air falls Cell 1 South Moist air rises, cools, and releases moisture as rain Cell 1 North Cool, dry air falls Cell 2 North Moist air rises — rain Cell 3 North Cold,dry air falls Polar cap Arctic tundra 60° 30° 0° 30° 60° Polar cap Evergreen coniferous forest Temperate deciduous forest and grassland Desert Tropical deciduous forest Equator Tropical rain forest Tropical deciduous forest Desert Temperate deciduous forest and grassland Global Air Circulation and Biomes Cold,dry air falls

Effects of Water, Wind, and Land on Climate Ocean currents and wind Ocean currents and wind Gases in the atmosphere Gases in the atmosphere –Greenhouse gases and the Greenhouse Effect Topography and local climate Topography and local climate Microclimates in urban areas Microclimates in urban areas

Fig. 5-5, p. 82 (a) Rays of sunlight penetrate the lower atmosphere and warm the earth's surface. (b) The earth's surface absorbs much of the incoming solar radiation and degrades it to longer-wavelength infrared (IR) radiation, which rises into the lower atmosphere. Some of this IR radiation escapes into space as heat and some is absorbed by molecules of greenhouse gases and emitted as even longer wave-length IR radiation, which warms the lower atmosphere. (c) As concentrations of green-house gases rise, their molecules absorb and emit more infrared radiation, which adds more heat to the lower atmosphere. Natural Greenhouse Effect