Packet #3 AP Biology Chapter #1

Introduction All living things are parts of larger systems of matter and energy and matter continually recycles through systems as energy flows through the systems.

Obey Physical & Chemical Laws of Universe Law of Conservation of Mass Living things are involved in the process of recycling matter or are recycled into a different form of matter Law of Conservation of Energy Energy cannot be created or destroyed but changed from one form to the next Autotrophs Capable of synthesizing energy photo-synthetically or chemically. Heterotrophs Obtain chemical fuels via oxidation*

Autotroph vs. Heterotroph

Order All living things maintain a high degree of order and complexity Even the smallest living thing—a cell

Descendents from a Common Ancestor** All living things are descended from a common ancestor* Intriguing Questions Where did life originate? How did humans originate? Does having similar physical traits mean that there is a common ancestor?

Descendents from a Common Ancestor** Theories on the Origin of Life The Creation Theory A supreme being, God, created the universe and all within

Descendents from a Common Ancestor** Theories on the Origin of Life The Theory of Evolution Chemical evolution Life arose from an assembly of large molecules Followed by the historic development of a related group of organisms

Descendents from a Common Ancestor** Theories on the Origin of Life Panspermia Theory that microorganisms or biochemical compounds from outer space, extraterrestrials, are responsible for originating life on Earth and possibly other parts of the universe where suitable atmospheric conditions exist Life was formed elsewhere in the universe and was placed on the newly formed planet Earth

Regulate Use of Energy & Respond to Environment All life depends on chemical reactions that take place within cells Within cells and organisms are series of chemical reactions metabolic pathways, sometimes in response to the environment, that are regulated by enzymes. The production of energy inside cells occur efficiently because of the use of enzymes. Relate to autotrophs & heterotrophs.

Reproduction All living organisms share same genetic code Code is passed parent to offspring Asexual Sexual Clarification of reproduction at organism level and cellular level.

Osmoregulation Maintenance of an optimal, constant osmotic pressure/potential in the body of a living organism. Deals with water

Communication Intra (within) or inter (between) Communication not only between different organisms but more importantly within the organism itself Nerve cells communicating

Animation Movement Movement of living things Cells also have the ability to move

Change Form & Function Growth & Development All living organisms change form and function at different stages of their life cycles Grow Divide Develop Differentiate

Death Absence of previous 9 properties