AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS. GEOGRAPHY Its huge! 1/5 of Earth’s land surface Narrow coastlines on either side of central plateau Waterfalls and rapids make.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
African Civilizations Chapter 8
Advertisements

Africa and the Bantu Chapter 11, Lesson 1.
8.1 Diverse Societies in Africa
African Civilizations, 1500 BC- 700 AD African cultures adapt to harsh environments, spread through major migrations, and establish powerful kingdoms.
Ancient Africa 1500 B.C. – 1500 A.D..
AFRICA. GEOGRAPHY 2 nd LARGEST CONTINENT Three times the size of the USA 4600 miles east to west; 5000 miles north to south ONE-FIFTH of EARTH’S LAND.
Aim: How did Nubia (Kush) and Axum link the cultural traditions of Egypt, Europe, and Africa?
The Kingdom of Axum and East African Trade
African Civilizations
African Societies Geography Waterfalls from the plateau make travel impossible Coastline has few ports or harbors Deserts are unlivable (Sahara and Kalahari);
Ch. 8 Diverse Societies in Africa
Africa Geographic Contrasts ___________ largest continent in the world. Some parts have constant __________ Can be land of _______ dust or desert Example:
Africa.
Africa. Geographic Contrasts Second largest continent in the world. Some parts have constant drought Can be land of rocky dust or desert Example: Sahara.
Early Civilizations of Africa. Geography of Africa  Bands of tropical rain forest, savanna, and desert  Interior plateau creates waterfalls and rapids.
World History: Patterns of Interaction.  Deserts and rainforests in 1/3 rd of Africa support few people  Fertile coastal regions are located in the.
Early African Civilizations Up to 1500 AD. Geography of Africa Deserts cross the continent above & below the equator Sahara equal to ¼ of continent, &
Migration, Language, & Bantu Unit 4, SSWH 6 a. How did the movement of people and ideas affect early African societies?
African Empires Notes.
Ch 8 African Civilizations 1500 BC – AD 700. Diverse Societies in Africa Sec 1.
Africa. Geographic Contrasts Second largest continent in the world. Some parts have constant drought Can be land of rocky dust or desert Example: Sahara.
Aim: How did geography and natural resources affect the development of early societies throughout Africa? Do Now: What geographic features can you think.
8 African Civilizations 1500 B.C.–A.D. 500 Diverse Societies in Africa
Next Chapter 8 Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company World History: Patterns of Interaction African cultures adapt to harsh environments,
PG The Kingdom of Aksum. Rise of Aksum Located south of Kush near the Red Sea  Modern day Eritrea and Ethiopia Arab traders from across the.
African Civilizations, 1500 B.C.–A.D. 700
NEXT Kuba ceremonial mask, Congo. African Civilizations, 1500 B.C.–A.D. 700 African cultures adapt to harsh environments, spread through major migrations,
African Kingdoms Aksum, Ghana, Mali, Songhai, & Zimbabwe.
AFRICA Clock Buddy #1 What do you already know about Africa? What do you already know about Africa? What do you want to learn about Africa? What.
Africa SOL 10d. Geographic Contrasts Second largest continent in the world. Some parts have constant drought Can be land of rocky dust or desert Example:
Africa: A Cornucopia of Kingdoms. Bantu Migration 1500 BC- Farmers around Benue and Niger Rivers begin to migrate south and east* Brought with them their.
World History Chapter 8 Chapter 15, Section 2 African Civilizations 1500 BCE-700 CE.
Diverse Societies in Africa. Introduction Africa spreads across the equator It includes a large array of environments Some parts suffer constant drought.
African Civilizations. Land of Geographic Contrasts Deserts Rainforests Savannas Coastal areas/ Mediterranean climate.
AFRICA. Find Your 8 Clock Buddies Did You Know? 2 nd largest continent in the world One-fifth of Earth’s land surface Earliest evidence of human beings.
Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Next Previous Chapter 8 World History: Patterns of Interaction Migration Migration—permanent.
World History OCTOBER 19, Unit 4: Regional Civilizations and Cultures Africa  Desert – The Sahara Desert covers most of the continent. Life is.
Geography of Africa Geography of Africa Deserts Deserts –Sahara in the N  Sahel –Land south of the Sahara Desert –Kalahari in the S Rain forests Rain.
Diverse Societies in Africa
Geography & African Civilizations
Pre-Agriculture Civilizations and Beyond
African Societies Chapter 8 (P ).
African Civilizations 1500 BCE – CE 700
African Civilizations, 1500 B.C.-A.D. 700
Societies in Africa.
Early African Civilizations
African Civilizations, 1500 B.C.–A.D. 700
Do Now: What have you learned about Africa so far in 9th grade global?
Topic: Diverse Societies in Africa
The Kingdom of Aksum The kingdom of Aksum becomes an international trading power and adopts Christianity.
Africa Kingdom of Aksum Geographic Contrasts Early African People
African Civilizations 1500 BCE-700 CE
6. Early African Societies
Diverse Societies in Africa
Migration Relocation of large number of Bantu- speaking people brings cultural diffusion and change to southern Africa.
Africa.
Africa.
Andrew Gordon Simeon King Elijah Howard Cole Frey Jacob Chaparro
Warm Up – October 22 Answer the following questions on a post it:
African Civilizations, 1500 B.C.–A.D. 700
African Civilizations, 1500 B.C.–A.D. 700
African Civilizations, 1500 B.C.–A.D. 700
Africa.
African Civilizations 1500 BCE – CE 700
African Civilizations, 1500 B.C.–A.D. 700
Early & Medieval African States
The geography of Africa is very diverse.
Africa Chapter 8.
Diverse Societies in Africa
Presentation transcript:

AFRICAN CIVILIZATIONS

GEOGRAPHY Its huge! 1/5 of Earth’s land surface Narrow coastlines on either side of central plateau Waterfalls and rapids make navigation impossible to or from the coast

CHALLENGES Deserts unsuitable for life Sahara & Kalahari Rainforests partly uninhabitable Dense canopy & deadly insects, prevented livestock use

WHERE DO THEY LIVE? Northern coast and southern tip have Mediterranean- type climates & fertile soil Savannas, or grassy plains, cover 40% of continent Dry seasons and rainy seasons Mountains and swamps Most people live here

ADAPTING TO THE ENVIRONMENT Earliest people were nomadic hunter-gatherers Learned to domesticate & became pastoralists Agriculture began by 6000 BC and allowed for settlements to develop

EARLY SOCIETIES Organized themselves into family groups or “clans” Developed religions to help them understand the world Elements of animism, where spirits play an important role in regulating daily life

HISTORY Few African societies had written languages. Griots, or storytellers, kept the history by sharing stories orally from one generation to the next Discoveries show West Africans developed advanced societies before outsiders came to the continent.

NOK CULTURE (500 BC –AD 200) Skipped copper and bronze age and moved directly to Iron Age Iron fashioned into tools for farming and weapons for hunting

DJENNE-DJENO (600 BC-AD 1400) Located on a tributary of the Niger River Found tons of artifacts 50,000 residents living in reed huts and later houses of bricks Became a trading center Developed cities, culture, and technology

MIGRATION A permanent move from one country or region to another Causes of Migration Environmental Economic Political

MIGRATION Push-Pull Factors Factors that either push people out of an area or pull them into an area Examples?

BANTU-SPEAKING PEOPLES Originally lived in Savannas south of Sahara Farmers and nomadic herders who developed iron working 2,000 years ago, small groups began moving south and east Slash and Burn farming

BANTU-SPEAKING PEOPLES Shared skills with people they met Adapted methods to suit environments Followed Congo River through rainforests and farmed the riverbanks Moved into savannas and learned to herd goats, sheep, and cattle Learned to cultivate new crops, including the banana

EFFECTS When the Bantu settled, change happened. Territorial wars often broke out Exchanged ideas and intermarried Created new cultures, language, and helped unify the continent.

AKSUM Controls International Trade Hub for caravan routes Access to sea trade Traders from Egypt, Arabia, Persia, India, and the Roman Empire Salt, rhino horns, tortoise shells, ivory, emeralds, and gold

AKSUMITE RELIGION Traditionally believed in one god: Mahrem King was descended from god Also Animists- offered sacrifices Converted to Christianity

AKSUMITE INNOVATIONS Writing in Ge’ez Minted coins Terraces advanced agriculture Built canals, dams, and cisterns

FALL OF AKSUM Lasted for 800 years Declined due to Islamic Invaders Isolated from Christian settlements Moved capitals and cut off from trade