Cells Review 7 th Grade Science

Parts of a cell…you need to know them! Rough ER: site of protein production; has ribosomes on its surface Vacuole: stores food, water, and waste for a cell Chloroplast: uses sunlight to make glucose; where photosynthesis takes place Smooth ER: ER without ribsosomes; removes harmful substances from the cell

Cell Organelles & Functions Organelle: structures within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell Golgi bodies: Prepares proteins into vesicles to transport from area to another Cell membrane: protects cell from outside environment Ribosomes: makes proteins; located in cytoplasm

There are many parts of a cell Cell wall: gives plant cell strength and maintains shape Mitochondria: powerhouse of the cell; releases ATP Nucleus: directs all cell activities; usually largest part of cell Cytoplasm: jelly like substance that provides a water environment Lysosome: breaks down material

Structure and Function….they go together! Structure: an organism’s body plan or the ways its parts are constructed or arranged. Function: the job or process that an organism’s structure or parts of its structure carries out Living systems at all levels of organization demonstrate a complementary nature of structure and function.

Vocab is important! Cell: the basic unit of structure and function of all living things Tissue: a group of similar cells that perform a specific function within an organism

Vocab, vocab, vocab… Organism: made up of all the organ systems working together as a unit Organ: a structure in the body that is composed of different kinds of tissue – Organ system: a group of organs that work together to perform a major function in the body

How organized are you? The levels of organization, from simplest to most complex: – Cells – Tissues – Organs – Organ Systems – Organism

Plant vs. Animal Cells Plant Cells Cell wall Chloroplast Plants have a larger vacuole Plant cells are more boxed shaped Animal Cells Contain centrioles Have a smaller vacuole Contain lysosomes Animal cells are more rounded than plant cells

Cell Theory Tells Us… All organisms are made of one or more cells Cells are the basic unit of life All cells come from preexisting cells

Animals Have 4 Types of Tissues Muscle—helps us move! Connective—provides structure and support Epithelial—forms an outer layer of skin to protect the body Nervous—sends messages to and from the brain

All About the Scientists Robert Hooke: cork is made up of little empty boxes called cells. Rudolf Virchow: cells divide to make new cells. Schwann: all animals are made up of cells. Schleiden: all plants are made up of cells.

Return of the Macromolecules – Lipids: energy storage, protective barrier, cell communication – Nucleic acids: contains genetic information, instructions for cell growth – Proteins: communication, transportation, chemical breakdown, support – Carbohydrates: energy storage, support, communication

Plants have tissues and organ systems, too! Three major types of tissues found in plants: – Vascular – Dermal – Ground (where photosynthesis takes place!) The two major organ systems of plants are the shoot and root systems.

You need to know this! A unicellular organism can eat, reproduce, and eliminate waste. Bacteria has prokaryotic cells and frogs have eukaryotic cells. RNA is used to make proteins in a cell.

Remember….. Cell differentiation is the process in which cells coming from the same cell become different types of cells. Water is NOT a macromolecule. Carbohydrates are made up of sugars.