Cells Cells are made of Organelles

TAKE OUT YOUR PACKETS Cell Organelles Organelles are structures within a cell that preform a specific function.

Cell Membrane The cell membrane protects the cell by controlling what can enter and exit the cell. (keeps the insides in and the outside out) It is also called the plasma membrane.

CELL WALL Surround the cell membrane Helps support and maintain the cell shape, protects it from damage and connects it with neighboring cells.

CYTOSKELETON The cytoskeleton is an interwoven network of microtubules that spreads out like a net throughout the cell, giving it structure and support.

CENTRIOLES (Centrosome) Centrioles are two gear shaped organelles. They make microtubules which help to evenly divide the DNA during cell division.

NUCLEUS The nucleus houses the cells DNA (also called chromatin or chromosomes) and controls many functions within the cell.

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane called the nuclear membrane, which contains many small channels called nuclear pores. (like the cell membrane, the nuclear membrane controls what can get in and out of the nucleus)

NUCLEOLUS The nucleolus is a small structure in the center of the nucleus. This is where ribosomes are made.

CHROMATIN & CHROMOSOMES Inside the nucleus is a tangled string of DNA called the chromatin. Before eukaryotic cells divide, the chromatin condenses into structures called chromosomes. chromatin chromosomes

NUCLEOID Because prokaryotic cells have no nucleus, their DNA is found in the center of the cell, in a loop. We refer to this loop of DNA as the nucleoid.

CYTOPLASM Cytoplasm is the gel like liquid that fills all cells and in which all of the organelles are floating.

RIBOSOMES An organelle composed of RNA and protein. It’s job is to make protein (protein synthesis). They may be suspended in the cytoplasm, or they may be attached to the rough ER.

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM A system of membranes that is found in the cells cytoplasm just outside the nucleus. It produces proteins and lipids and transports them throughout the cell. ROUGH ER – has attached ribosomes SMOOTH ER – no ribosomes

Vessicle A small membrane-bound sac that transports substances in cells.

Golgi Apparatus A set of flattened, membrane bound sacs that serve as the packaging and distribution center of the cell.

VACUOLE and CENTRAL VACUOLE A vacuole is a storage compartment for water and other nutrients for the cell. Plant cells have one large central vacuole. When it is full, it gives the plant its shape.

Lysosomes Small spherical organelles that contain the cells digestive enzymes. They break down waste for the cell.

Mitochondria An organelle that takes energy from the food we eat to make ATP (adenosine triphospahte- a cells energy source) Has an inner and an outer membrane, and also contains DNA.

CHLOROPLAST The organelle in plants and algae where photosynthesis takes place. (Takes energy from the sun and converts it to energy for the cell.) They also have two membranes and their own DNA.

DO NOW Write down your HW – It’s on my website (New Website) – DON’T worry, I will show you how to get there PICK UP A LAB (On the orange cart) – Put your name on it

Prokaryotic Cell

Animal Cell (Eukaryote)

Plant Cell (Eukaryote)

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