Bellwork Air Masses and Their Movements Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left 1.___ Maritime polar air masses are Acold and dry Bcold and moist Cwarm and dry Dwarm and moist 3.___ An air mass that forms over Arizona and New Mexico will be a Acontinental polar air mass Bcontinental tropical air mass Cmaritime polar air mass Dmaritime tropical air mass 2.___ A stalled front that may bring many days of clouds and precipitation is a(n) Acold front Boccluded front Cstationary front Dwarm front 4.___ Bands of high-speed winds about 10 kilometers above Earth’s surface are called Aair masses Bcyclones Cfronts Djet streams 5 min. ONLY

Chapter : Weather Patterns

Lesson 4: Storms Objectives: After this lesson, students will be able to:  List the kinds of storms and explain how they form To keep in mind:  How do the different types of storms form?

How do the different types of storms form? A storm is a violent disturbance in the atmosphere. Storms involve sudden changes in air pressure, which cause rapid air movements. Winter storms, thunderstorms, hurricanes, and tornadoes are all types of severe storms.

Winter Storms Winter storms involve snow. All year round, most precipitation begins in clouds as snow. If the air is colder than 0ºC all the way to the ground, the precipitation falls as snow.

Lake-Effect Snow As cold, dry air moves across the warmer water, it becomes more humid as water vapor evaporates from the lake surface. When the air reaches land and cools, lake-effect snow falls. Which cities receive lake-effect snow? Circle the cities. In the box name the city that does not get it and explain why. Storms Chicago, because it is west of the Lake Michigan

Thunderstorms A thunderstorm is a small storm often accompanied by heavy precipitation and frequent thunder and lightning. Lightning is a sudden spark, or electrical discharge, that jumps between parts of a cloud, between nearby clouds, or between a cloud and the ground. Thunderstorms form in large cumulonimbus clouds, also known as thunderheads.

What damage can cause a thunderstorm?  Heavy rain  Floods  Forest Fires  Lighting strikes to people or animals

Storms How Thunderstorms Form A thunderstorm forms when warm, humid air rises rapidly within a cumulonimbus cloud. What is indicated by the blue and red arrows? Cold air moves downward Warm air rises

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Hurricanes  A hurricane is a tropical cyclone with winds of 119 km/h or higher.  A hurricane begins over warm ocean water as a low-pressure area, or tropical disturbance.  The low pressure and winds of a hurricane can cause storm surge, a “dome” of water that sweeps across the coast where the hurricane lands

Storms Hurricane Where is the eye of the hurricane? Where are the strong and weak areas?

. Storms Hurricane strength is ranked on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale

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Tornadoes  A tornado is a rapidly whirling, funnel-shaped cloud that reaches down from a thunderstorm to touch Earth’s surface.  Tornadoes most commonly develop in thick cumulonimbus clouds—the same clouds that bring thunderstorms.

Key Storms Tornado Formation About 1,200 tornadoes occur in the United States every year. Weather patterns on the Great Plains result in a “tornado alley.”

Storms Types of Tornado Damage

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Think it Over  Inquiry Focus Observe—making observations to explore the kind of motion inside tornadoes 1.Record your observations of the inside of the jar as it is spinning. Do you observe any patterns? In what direction is the water spinning? In what direction are the objects spinning? How would you describe the water level? 2.How is what you observed in the jar similar to a real tornado? How is what you observed in the jar not like a real tornado?

Lesson 5: Predicting the weather Objectives: After this lesson students will be able to:  Explain how weather forecasters use observations, data, and technology to predict the weather.  Describe can be learned from information shown on weather maps. To keep in mind:  How do you predict the weather?  What can you learn from a weather map?

How do you predict the weather?  The first step in forecasting is to collect data. This can be done either through direct observations, such as recognizing that cumulonimbus clouds may produce a thunderstorm, or through the use of instruments such as a barometer.  Meteorologists are scientists who study and try to predict the weather. Meteorologists use maps, charts, computers, and other technology to analyze weather data and to prepare weather forecasts.

How do you predict the weather?  Weather reporters get their information from the National Weather Service, which uses weather balloons, satellites, radar, and surface instruments to gather data.  Weather balloons carry instruments into the troposphere and lower stratosphere to measure temperature, air pressure, and humidity.  Satellites in the exosphere, the uppermost layer of the atmosphere, collect data on temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed and direction.  They also include cameras that can make images of clouds, storms, and snow cover.

How do you predict the weather?  Automated weather stations in 1,700 surface locations gather data on temperature, air pressure, relative humidity, rainfall, and wind speed and direction.  Computers help process all of this weather data quickly to help forecasters make predictions. Currently, forecasts are fairly accurate up to five days in the future.

What can you learn from weather maps?  The National Weather Service maintains weather maps that are snapshots of conditions at a particular time over a large area. Some show curved lines that connect places where certain conditions are the same. Isobars (-bar as in barometer) are lines joining places on the map that have the same air pressure.  Isotherms are lines joining places that have the same temperature. Standard symbols on weather maps show fronts, areas of high and low pressure, types of precipitation, and temperatures.

Predicting the Weather Weather Map Symbols The tables below show what various weather symbols represent.

Predicting the Weather Newspaper Weather Map The symbols on this map show fronts, high- and low-pressure areas, the high and low temperature readings for different cities, and precipitation. The color bands indicate different temperature ranges.

Weather Map Predicting the Weather

Digital Path  Real Word Inquiry Predicting the weather