Chapter 7: Foreign Affairs in the Early Republic Lesson 3: Foreign Relations

The Era of Good Feelings The Era of Good Feelings was the time after the War of 1812 when a sense of national unity was forged in America. Spirit of Nationalism in US After the War of 1812 patriotism or national oneness Country is united, confident, and growing 1791-1819, 9 states joined the original 13. One political party---Republican party Respect from Europe Monroe first president to visit all states. Boston newspaper declared an “Era of Good Feelings” had began.

President James Monroe President James Monroe represented a united America free of political strife. He toured the nation, and everywhere he went people celebrated his visit. President James Monroe

Relations with European Powers John Quincy Adams, Monroe’s secretary of state, worked to resolve disputes with the British because America needed good relations with the European power. John Quincy Adams

Relations with Britain The Rush-Bagot Treaty set limits on the number of naval vessels Britain and the United States could have on the Great Lakes. The treaty also provided for disarmament, the removal of weapons, along the border between the United States and British Canada.

The United States and Britain worked together to set the American-Canadian boundary farther west. In a second agreement with Britain, Americans set the boundary of the Louisiana Territory between the United States and Canada at the 49th parallel. The countries agreed to a demilitarized border - a border without armed forces.

Americans also gained the right to settle in Oregon Country, a vast area extending from California to Alaska.

In the early 1800s, Spain, Britain, Russia, and the United States claimed Oregon Country. Spain and Russia eventually gave up their claims, which left Britain and the United States with claims. Both countries based their claims on explorations of fur trappers and traders. American presence in Oregon Country grew, and in the Treaty of 1846, Britain and the United States divided Oregon.

Relations with Spain The United States and Spain worked to settle disputes over borders in Florida. In 1818, General Andrew Jackson went beyond his instructions and invaded Spanish East Florida, seizing control of two Spanish forts. Florida Becomes Part of US After War of 1812, Spain had difficulty governing Florida Seminole Indians, runaway slaves, and white outlaws conducted raids into U.S. territory and retreated to safety across the Florida border President Monroe commissioned General Andrew Jackson to stop the raiders Jackson led a force into Florida, destroyed Seminole villages, and hanged 2 Seminole chiefs Jackson captured Pensacola and drove out the Spanish governor

The Spanish minister to the United States protested Jackson’s actions. Secretary of War John Calhoun said that Jackson should be court-martialed - tried by a military court - but Secretary of State John Quincy Adams disagreed. Andrew Jackson

Seeking to protect their land interests, the Spanish offer Florida to the U.S. The U.S. obtained Florida for $5 million and defined the new boundaries between Spain and the U.S. Adams-Onis Treaty (1818) Spain turned over western Florida along with all to the east Claims in the Oregon Territory to the U.S. US agreed to pay $5 million to Spain to give up any territorial claims to Texas The raid demonstrated the strength of the U.S. military, and Spain agreed to the Adams-Onis Treaty, in which Spain gave East Florida to the United States and abandoned all claims to West Florida.

Spanish officials tried to keep Americans out of western territories held by Spain, but they found this to be increasingly difficult.

Relations with Mexico Mexico won its freedom from Spain in 1821 and gained control of the western territories. The Mexican government welcomed American traders and settlers into its lands, but later questioned this policy.

The United States tried to buy territory from Mexico, but Mexico refused. American settlers in Texas revolted, and Texas gained its independence in 1836 and statehood in 1845. These events angered Mexico. Mexico and the United States went to war the following year, and Mexico was defeated. The two countries signed a peace treaty in 1848, giving the United States what is today California, Arizona, and New Mexico, as well as other western states.

Question Break #1 What did the Rush-Bagot Treaty with the British accomplish along the northern border of the United States? What was the result of Jackson’s invasion of Spanish East Florida in 1818? After a long series of uprisings and border disputes, America went to war with __________ in 1846.

The United States and Latin America The United States supported Latin American colonies when they began their struggles for independence from Spain and Portugal. In Latin America, it is a period of revolution and liberation. Chile, Venezuela, Mexico and Brazil have gained their freedom from Spain and Portugal. The United States recognizes them as legitimate countries. America fears that other foreign countries like France and Britain may now want to control these countries in Latin America.

Miguel Hidalgo was a priest who led a rebellion against the Spanish government of Mexico. Although Hidalgo was executed, Mexico gained its independence in 1821 and control of northern lands. 1810, creole priest, Father Miguel Hidalgo, made first public call for Mexican independence. He had a history of challenging authority, eventually met creoles who wanted to take power from peninsulares, helped plan rebellion. On September 16, 1810, Hidalgo delivered famous speech calling for fight against Spanish peninsulares, though not against Spain. Spanish authorities realized Hidalgo behind growing revolution; captured, executed him. After death of Hidalgo, another creole priest, Jose Maria Morelos, became leader of revolutionary movement. He too was executed. In 1820, Augustin de Iturbide became the leader of the rebel troops. With his help, Mexico gained independence.

Jose de San Martin achieved independence for Chile and Peru. Simon Bolivar led a movement that won freedom for the present-day countries of Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia, and Ecuador. Bolivar - Venezuelan General; Criollo who declared Venezuelan independence from Spain in 1811; 1821 won Venezuelan independence through a series of armed conflicts; Bolivia is named after Bolivar San Martin - Known as El Liberatador Jose de San Martin achieved independence for Chile and Peru.

Americans hoped the independence of Latin American colonies would increase trade between the United States and Latin America and help spread American ideals.

The Monroe Doctrine France, Austria, Russia, and Prussia wanted to help Spain regain its American holdings. President Monroe declared that the Americas were no longer to be considered for colonization by European powers. Monroe warned that no European country should interfere in the United States affairs. The president’s proclamation was later called the Monroe Doctrine. Warns European nations that they cannot set up colonies or interfere in Latin American problems anymore. The United States will protect North and South America from any European influence. The United States will not involve itself in European affairs militarily or politically.

(parts of California to Alaska) Northern border with British Canada Oregon Country (parts of California to Alaska) Northern border with British Canada Western territory with Mexico Florida with Spain

Question Break #2 Inspired by the example of the United States, many Latin American nations fought to gain independence from __________ during the early 1800s. The Monroe Doctrine was intended to keep European powers out of the __________. What event led to the creation of the Monroe Doctrine?