Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) 2009 The Prince’s Trust Scotland Andrew White Office of the Chief Statistician 6 th April 2010

SIMD 2009 What is the SIMD? Points to watch Results Overall A worked example Interactive mapping Where to go for more information Questions

What is the SIMD? The Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation identifies small area concentrations of multiple deprivation across all of Scotland. Relative measure ranking the 6,505 datazones in Scotland from 1 being most deprived to 6,505 being the least deprived. SIMD is one measure of deprivation, it is not the only one.

What are datazones? Statistical geography Criteria – Population size – Existing boundaries – Compactness of shape 6,505 datazones in Scotland; –694 in Glasgow –418 in North Lanarkshire –549 in Edinburgh Average population of 750 people

History of SIMD Scottish Indices of Deprivation (SID) 2003 –produced by Oxford University – used electoral ward geography SIMD 2004 –Produced by Scottish Executive –31 indicators across 6 ‘domains’ –used datazone geography SIMD 2006 –Update to SIMD 2004 –37 indicators across 7 domains

SIMD 2009 Update to SIMD 2006 (and SIMD 2004) Aimed to minimise change since SIMD 2006 to ensure comparability 38 indicators across 7 aspects of deprivation (domains) Same domains as in SIMD 2006 Some changes to indicators Mostly 2007 / 2008 data

What is in the SIMD 2009? (1) Domains based on counts of people –Income domain % of population income deprived Now includes tax credit data –Employment domain % of population employment deprived No change from 2004 or 2006 –Crime domain SIMD crimes – not all crimes –Housing domain Still using 2001 census data

Domains constructed using ‘factor analysis’ –Education domain Now includes a NEET indicator –Health domain Very minor changes since SIMD 2006 –Access domain Drive time sub-domain (2/3) Public transport sub-domain (1/3) Changes since SIMD changed computer model What is in the SIMD 2009? (2)

How is the SIMD constructed? Combine the rankings in each domain using the weightings: –Income 28% –Employment 28% –Health 14% –Education 14% –Access 9% –Crime 5% –Housing 2%

Employment Deprivation Domain Based on benefits data (2008) –Unemployment Claimant Count 12 month average –Incapacity Benefit recipients Working age –Severe Disablement Allowance Working age –Compulsory New Deal Participants No change to 2004 indicators for 2006 or 2009 Datazone SAPE –Working age population

Income Deprivation Domain Not measuring income Based on benefits data (2008 and 2007) –Income support adults and children –Guarantee Pension Credit adults –Job Seekers Allowance adults and children 2004 used WFTC and DTC data 2009 – WTC and CTC (2006 data) Datazone SAPE –Total population

Housing Deprivation Domain Census data –No change since SIMD 2004 –Persons in households which are overcrowded –Persons in households without central heating Census populations –Total population No new indicators identified

Crime Domain Relevant to Neighbourhood Deprivation ‘SIMD crime’ not ‘Total Crime’ –Crimes of violence –Drug Offences –Domestic Housebreaking –Minor Assault –Vandalism Does not include crimes in/near police station First included in 2006 Total populations – rate per 10,000 Move to financial year for SIMD 2009

Health Deprivation Domain Indicators used: –Standardised Mortality Ratio* –Hospital Episodes related to alcohol use* –Hospital Episodes related to drug use* –Comparative Illness Factor* –Emergency Admissions to Hospital* –Proportion of population being prescribed drugs for anxiety, depression or psychosis –Proportion of live singleton births of low birth weight *Age – Sex Standardisation Methodological changes since 2004 –Removal of Shrinkage Minor changes for 2009 Normalised and combined using factor analysis

Education Deprivation Domain Indicators –School pupil absences –Pupil Performance on SQA at Stage 4 –Working age people with no qualifications –17-21 year olds enrolling into HE –People aged not in full time education, employment or training NEET indicator change for 2009 Populations relevant to indicator Combined using factor analysis

Access to Services Domain (indicators) Drive Times –GP –Shopping facilities (Supermarket in 2004) –Petrol Station –Primary and Secondary Schools (Primary only in 2004) –Post Office Public Transport (Not included in SIMD 2004) –GP –Shopping Facilities –Post Office

Points to watch The Index is relative - it shows that an area is more or less deprived than another one but not how much more or less deprived. There will always be 976 datazones in the 15% most deprived – if a datazone moves out another will move in. The least deprived area is not the most affluent, it just lacks deprivation e.g. in the income domain there is a lack of benefit claimants. Not everyone living in a deprived area is deprived, and not all deprived people live in the most deprived areas.

More points to watch Data from 2007 and 2008 means the recent economic downturn is not picked up but it is unlikely to have a large effect on the relative differences across Scotland. Changes to methodology so care is needed when comparing over time e.g. tax credit data. Local knowledge is invaluable when interpreting the results of the SIMD.

Headline findings Improvements in Glasgow

Change in Glasgow

Headline findings Improvements in Glasgow Concentrations of multiple deprivation becoming more spread out geographically Concentrations of deprivation in most deprived datazones reduced slightly 101 datazones moved into 15% MD and 101 moved out - Movement between 10-15% and 15-20% bands. 4 in 5 datazones that moved out between 04 and 06 stayed out. 4 in 5 datazones in 15% in SIMD 09 have been in on both SIMD 04 and SIMD 06

Most deprived datazone in Scotland S East end of Glasgow. Ranked 62 in SIMD 2006 DZ ranked 1 in SIMD 2006 now ranked 2

SIMD 2009 – National Share (part 1) *The national share is the number/percentage of datazones in the (e.g.)15% most deprived in Scotland that fall in each Local Authority

SIMD 2009 – National Share (part 2) *The national share is the number/percentage of datazones in the (e.g.) 15% most deprived in Scotland that fall in each Local Authority

SIMD 2009 – National Share (part 3) *The national share is the number/percentage of datazones in the (e.g.) 15% most deprived in Scotland that fall in each Local Authority

SIMD 2009 – Local Share (part 1) *The local share is the percentage of datazones within a Local Authority that fall within the (e.g.) 15% most deprived in Scotland

SIMD 2009 – Local Share (part 2) *The local share is the percentage of datazones within a Local Authority that fall within the (e.g.) 15% most deprived in Scotland

SIMD 2009 – Local Share (part 3) *The local share is the percentage of datazones within a Local Authority that fall within the (e.g.) 15% most deprived in Scotland

Worked example

Central Cumbernauld 28%22%17%15%18%14%16% employment deprived:

Or…

Glasgow datazones with high values for NEET indicator

Where to find more.. General report with initial analysis Technical report Guidance leaflet Interactive mapping website Statistical Compendium –tables, charts & maps Background data for SIMD More to come…

Pre-prepared charts and maps (Edinburgh)

ANY QUESTIONS? Contacts: Andrew White Tel: Neighbourhood Statistics (SNS & SIMD) Tel: