Ooze, Flubber & Quicksand By Sheryl Hoffmann Laboratory Manger Concordia College
How do you define what a liquid is ?
Take a cup of water & a pop stick. Stir the water. Stir it fast & stir it slowly. Poke it fast & poke it slowly. Try to heap it up on one side. Activity 1 - Water
1.Take a plastic cup & add 3 rounded teaspoons of cornflour. 2.Add water slowly, mixing, until you get a smooth but very thick paste. Stir it fast & stir it slowly. Poke it fast & poke it slowly. Try to heap it up on one side. Try rolling it into a ball. Activity 2 - Ooze
Does the ooze behave in the same way as the water? Is the ooze a liquid or a solid?
Water is a Newtonian Fluid
Ooze, Flubber & Quicksand are all Non-Newtonian Fluids
‘THE’ Apple Tree
A Newtonian fluid (named after Isaac Newton) is a fluid whose stress versus strain rate curve is linear and passes through the origin. The constant of proportionality is known as the viscosity. [Wikipedia] Newtonian Fluids
A fluid that has a constant viscosity at all shear rates at a constant temperature and pressure, and can be described by a one-parameter rheological model. An equation describing a Newtonian fluid is given below. Newtonian Fluids
Basically: The viscosity of a Newtonian fluid, depends only on the temperature and pressure, not on the forces acting upon it. Newtonian Fluids
Examples: Water, sugar solutions, glycerine, silicone oils, light-hydrocarbon oils, air and other gases. ie Most low molecular weight substances, solutions and gases Newtonian Fluids
A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid whose flow properties differ in any way from those of Newtonian fluids. Most commonly the viscosity (resistance to deformation or other forces) is dependant on shear rate or shear rate history. [Wikipedia] Non-Newtonian Fluids
Basically: They aren't solids, yet they don't follow Newton's definition of fluids either! A fluid is called non-Newtonian if its viscosity depends on the force that is applied to it. Non-Newtonian Fluids
Examples: ketchup, toothpaste, starch suspensions, sand in water, paint, clays, cream and shampoo. Non-Newtonian Fluids
1.Shear Thickening 2.Shear Thinning 3.Thixotropic 4.Rheopectic 4 Main Types
Also called Bingham plastic Apparent viscosity increases with increased stress The surface of a Bingham plastic can hold peaks when it is still. Shear Thickening
Also called pseudoplastic Apparent viscosity decreases with increased stress. Ex paint: one wants the paint to flow readily off the brush when it is being applied to the surface being painted, but not to drip excessively. Shear Thinning
Viscosity decreases with stress over time Example: Honey – keep stirring, and solid honey becomes liquid Thixotropic
Viscosity increases with stress over time Example: Cream – the longer you whip it the thicker it gets Rheopectic
Quicksand forms when water saturates an area of loose sand and the sand is agitated. When the water trapped in the sand cannot escape, it creates liquefied soil that cannot support weight. [Wikipedia] Quicksand
There are two ways in which sand can become agitated enough to create quicksand: Earthquakes Flowing underground water Quicksand
Objects in the liquefied sand sink to the level at which the weight of the object is equal to the weight of the displaced sand/water mix and the object floats due to its buoyancy. You won’t drown
Don’t panic Don’t thrash around Quicksand is twice a dense as water therefore it is more easy to float in than water Use slow movements Spread arms & legs & float How to get out of quicksand
Wikipedia How Stuff Works: th/geology/quicksand1.htm th/geology/quicksand1.htm Chhabra, R P, Non-Newtonian Fluids: An Introduction Science Learning Stories/Strange-Liquids/Non-Newtonian-fluids Stories/Strange-Liquids/Non-Newtonian-fluids References
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Christchurch Earthquake Clip Catalyst Thursday, 24 May
1. Slime 2. Flubber 3. Super Ball Activity 3