Chapter 9: A New National Identity kahoot.it

Essential Question ❖ What forces and events affected national unity and growth?

Sections ❖ Section 1: American Foreign Policy ❖ Section 2: Nationalism and Sectionalism ❖ Section 3: American Culture

Section 1: American Foreign Policy Settling Disputes with Great Britain: ❖ Rush-Bagot Agreement-limited naval power on the Great Lakes for both the United States and British Canada. ❖ Convention of 1818-covered fishing rights, the fur trade, and border disputes between Canada and the US.

Section 1: American Foreign Policy United States Gains Florida ❖ US and Spain disputed the southern border with Florida ❖ James Monroe sent troops to secure the border ❖ Fighting with Seminole Indians erupted ❖ 1818 Andrew Jackson attacked Seminole raiders-First Seminole War

United States Gains Florida, continued ❖ Jackson overthrew the governor of Florida ❖ Spanish leaders decide to negotiate ❖ 1819 signed the Adams-Onis Treaty- settled all border disputes between Spain and the United States.Adams-Onis Treaty ➢ Spain gave east Florida to the United States and the US gave up claims to Texas

Monroe Doctrine ❖ An exclusive statement of American policy warning European powers not to interfere with the Americas. ❖ Spanish colonies were fighting for freedom against Spain in the Americas-the US supported these revolutions. ❖ Monroe was worried about other European powers claiming the newly independent Latin American colonies.

Monroe Doctrine, continued ❖ December 2, 1823 ❖ Four basic points: ➢ US would not interfere with European affairs ➢ US would not interfere with European colonies that already existed in North or South America. ➢ Western Hemisphere was off limits to future colonization. ➢ Any attempt to colonize or interfere with nations in the Western Hemisphere would be a hostile act.

Section 2: Nationalism and Sectionalism Growing Nationalism ❖ feelings of pride and loyalty to a nation. ➢ US representative Henry Clay-strong supporter ❖ American System-a series of measures intended to make the United States economically self sufficient. ➢ pushed for a national bank, single currency, to make interstate trade easier, improvements to roads and canals-all this would help unite the country.

Roads and Canals ❖ Congress agreed with Clay and invested in road building. ❖ Cumberland Road-was the first road built by the federal government. ➢ ran from Cumberland, Maryland to Wheeling near West Virginia. ➢ All work done by hand with shovels and pickaxes.

Roads and Canal, Continued ❖ 1833 called the National Road--expansion stretched all the way to Columbus Ohio. ❖ Erie Canal--canals made water transportation easier. Erie Canal ➢ ran from Albany to Buffalo, New York. ➢ construction began in 1817 and was completed in ➢ Hand dug by British, Irish, and German immigrants.

Era of Good Feelings ❖ a time of peace, pride, and progress. ➢ the phrase was coined by a Boston editor in ➢ emphasis on national unity strengthened by two cases: ■ McCulloch v. Maryland-Supreme Court asserted the implied powers of Congress in allowing for the creation of a national bank. ■ Gibbons v. Ogden-the Court said that the states could not interfere with the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce.

Missouri Compromise ❖ Sectionalism-disagreements between the different regions. ❖ 1819 Missouri’s application to enter the US as a slave state. ➢ there were 11 free states and 11 slave states ➢ adding another slave state would upset the balance- favoring the South in the Senate

Missouri Compromise, Continued ❖ The House passed a special amendment that made it illegal to import African slaves into Missouri. ❖ It also set the children of Missouri slaves free. ➢ This amendment angered Southern politicians ❖ The amendment was eventually rejected-Missouri was still not a state.

Settling the conflict... ❖ Henry Clay would convince Congress to agree to the Missouri compromise-which settled the conflict that had arisen from Missouri’s application for statehood. ➢ Missouri would enter as a slave state ➢ Maine would join as a free state (keeping the balance) ➢ Slavery would be illegal in any new territories or states north of a certain line. ➢ It passed in 1820

Foreshadowing... Is there any event in US History that might be foreshadowed by the opposition to the Missouri Compromise?

The Election of 1824 ❖ Andrew Jackson won the most popular votes. ❖ He did not have enough electoral votes to win. ❖ According the the Constitution, the House of Representatives had to choose the winner. ❖ The House chose John Quincy Adams--sparking rumors of a corrupt bargain with Adams and Henry Clay. ❖ These rumors weakened Adams’s support.

Section 3: American Culture American Writers ❖ Washington Irving-One of the first American writers to gain international fame. Washington Irving- ➢ often wrote about American history through a humorous form of writing called satire (Rip Van Winkle with American Revolution Spin).

American Writers, continued ❖ James Fenimore Cooper-wrote stories about the West and the Native Americans who lived on the frontier. ➢ The Spy-set during the American Revolution and The Pioneers based on the character Natty Bumppo.

A New Style of Art ❖ Artists began to paint landscapes that showed the history of America and the beauty of the land. ❖ Hudson River School-created painting that reflected national pride and an appreciation of the American landscape. ❖ Thomas Cole-founder

Religion and Music ❖ several waves of religious revivalism. ❖ revival meetings-people sang songs called spirituals-a type of folk hymn found in both white and African American folk-music. ❖ Popular folk music reflected the unique views of the growing nation in a different way.

Architecture and Education ❖ Before the Revolution most followed the style of Great Britain afterward they were encouraged to model architecture after ancient Greece. ❖ Americans also embraced education progress. ❖ Eventually, the idea of a state-funded public school gathered support.