The Decline of the Arab Empire: Turks, Crusaders, and Mongols
I.Introduction Dissension and Crisis
II.The Withering of Abbasid Power A.Regional Independence 1.The Aghlabids ( ) B.The Shi'a Challenge 1.Fatimid Egypt ( )
II.The Withering of Abbasid Power C.Court Problems 1. Civil War ( ) 2.Turks 3.Buyids and Seljuqs D.Impact
III.Origins of the Crusades A.A Brief Review of the Byzantine Empire 1.Manzikert (1071) 2.Alexius Comnenus ( ) B.Urban II (r ) 1.Plenary Indulgences
IV.The Crusades A.The First Crusade ( ) 1.The Sack of Jerusalem (July 1099) 2.Outremer 3.Why Successful?
IV.Crusades in the Holy Lands B.The Second Crusade ( ) C.The Third Crusade ( ) 1.Salah al-Din ( ) 2.The Treaty of Jaffa (1192) 3.Results
IV.Crusades in the Holy Lands D.The Fourth Crusade ( ) 1.The Sack of Constantinople (1204) E.The Fifth Crusade ( ) F.Later Crusades
V.The Mongols A.The Sack of Baghdad (1258) B.Mamluk Egypt ( ) 1.Battle of Ayn Jalut (1260) 2.The End of Outremer
VI.Results A.The Muslim Middle East B.The Byzantine Empire C.Europe
Urban II Calling the First Crusade
The First Crusade
Outremer
Crusader Castle
Allenby Enters Jerusalem
VII. Conclusion Historical Myth and Memory