By Jim Bowen, UNC Charlotte presented at Multi-Media Modeling Workshop

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Presentation transcript:

Estuary Eutrophication Models: Essential Components and Material Exchanges By Jim Bowen, UNC Charlotte presented at Multi-Media Modeling Workshop March 23, 1999

Talk Addresses Three Questions 1. What are the Essential Components of an Estuary Eutrophication Model? 2. What are the Cross-Media Exchanges? 3. Which Exchanges are Important in the Neuse River?

Common Components of Estuary Eutrophication Models Based on review of existing models Numerical model development started in 70’s All models include hydrodynamic and water quality components Focus here is on the water quality component

Define Essential Capabilities of Model Predict impact of pollutant loadings suspended solids, nutrients, oxygen consuming wastes (C & N), Common endpoints of concern dissolved oxygen, algal abundance Other endpoints may also be desired (e.g. harmful algal blooms, fish kills, toxic organics)

Eutro. Models - Common Components Predation, Mortality Living & Non-Living Organic Matter Phytoplankton Photosynthesis Respiration Remineralization Recycling Oxygen, Other Oxidants Nutrients Settling, Denitrification, Organic Matter Remineralization Benthos

Multi-Element Components Phytoplankton Living & Non-Living Organic Matter = C N Si P = C N Si P Benthos

Examples: Qual2E, WASP Living & Non-Living Phytoplankton Organic Matter Phytoplankton 1. Phyto as chl-a 2. BOD 4. Org. P 3. Org. N Oxygen, Other Oxidants Nutrients 5. Dissolved Oxygen 6. NH3 8. NO3 7. NO2 9. Ortho P Benthos

Examples: CE-Qual-W2, V3 (NEEM) Living & Non-Living Organic Matter Phytoplankton 1. Diatoms, Dinoflagg’s 2. B-G Algae 3. Mixed Summer Phyto. 4. Labile Partic. OM 5. Refrac. Partic. OM 6, 7. L & R Diss. OM 8. Part. Si Oxygen, Other Oxidants Nutrients 10. NH3 12. Diss. Si 11. NO2+ NO3 13. Ortho P 9. Dissolved Oxygen 14. Benthic Organic Matter Benthos

Examples: Hydroqual, CE-Qual-ICM Living & Non-Living Organic Matter Phytoplankton 4,5,6. Lab-Par-Org C,N,P 7,8,9. Ref-Par-Org C,N,P 10,11,12. Lab-Dis-Org C,N,P 13,14,15. Ref-Dis-Org C,N,P 16,17. Reactive, Exuded DOC 18. Biogenic Silica 1. Diatoms, Dinoflagg’s 2. B-G Algae 3. Mixed Summer Phyto. Oxygen, Other Oxidants Nutrients 19. Dissolved Oxygen 20. NH3 22. Diss. Si 21. NO2 +NO3 23. Ortho P 24-32. React, Refr, Inert Part. C,N,P Benthos

Divide Estuary into Segments

X-section Representation UNC Charlotte X-section Representation trapezoidal cross-sections for each segment Layer 1 Layer 4 S1 S2 S3 S4 Sediment Compartments 22

Exchanges with Other Media

Neuse Estuary Eutrophication Model Physical Processes

Modeled Salinities - September 1991

Nitrogen Cycling Organic Matter Phytoplankton Nutrients RDON NO3 LDON Dia-Dino Sum. Phyto. B-G Algae NH4 LPON RPON Benthic ON Benthos

Component Analysis - Summer 1997 Based on the NEEM simulations Calibrated/Verified to 1991 and 1997 monitoring data Summer conditions (June - September)

Carbon Distribution by Component 0.676% 0.0374% 0.678% 0.0209% 5.17% 46.5% 0.411% LDOM RDOM LPOM RPOM Dia-Dino Sum. Phy. B-G Alg. BOD Benthic OC = 500% Relative Mass

Nitrogen Distribution by Component 0.602% 0.0333% 0.604% 0.0186% 4.61% 41.4% 2% 9.33% LDOM RDOM LPOM RPOM Dia-Dino Sum. Phy. B-G Alg. NH3 NOX Relative Mass

Phosphorus Distribution by Component 0.583% 0.0322% 0.585% 0.0181% 4.46% 40.1% 14.1% LDOM RDOM LPOM RPOM Dia-Dino Sum. Phy. B-G Alg. PO4 Relative Mass

Estuary Exchanges Looked at loadings: freshwater loading to estuary NH4 and NO3 loading to estuary Combines monitoring and modeling results Examined June - September 1997

Estuary Loadings: Freshwater Neuse R. Trent R. Weyer. WWTP Swift Ck. Bachelor Ck. 62% 8.5% 1.2% 3.31% 1.05% 23.9% Precipitation Relative Flow

Estuary Loadings: Nitrogen Riverine NH4 Riverine NOx Precipita. NH4 Precipita. NOx Sediment Release Pamlico NH4 Pamlico NOx DOM recycle 0.899% 21.3% 1.07% 2.24% 30.9% 18% 3.06% 22.6% Relative Amount

Summary All estuary eutrophication models have 4 components in common phytoplankton, organic matter, nutrients, oxidants In Neuse, most water-column C, N, & P is in phytoplankton pool Important freshwaater exchanges occur w/ Neuse & Trent R., atmosphere Internal recycling important to nutrient exchange