Literacy & Learning in History Common Closure Day – Monday October 29 th 2007

The Relationship between Learning & Literacy in History Developing the skills that give access to learning. Provides opportunities to demonstrate literacy skills.

The Literacy Strategy Learning through talk Learning from text Learning through writing

What were the causes of the English Civil War? Lesson Aims - Short Term To identify the causes of the English Civil War. Lesson Aims - Mid Term To show how different types of causes led to the English Civil War. Lesson Aims – Long Term To write up our ideas in a structured piece of work.

What were the causes of the English Civil War? Literacy Aims - Short Term To use talk to discuss new ideas. Literacy Aims - Mid Term To use reading skills to identify useful information. Literacy Aims – Long Term To communicate information in an organised and logical way.

Learning Outcomes All will be able to describe (list) the causes of the war. Many will be able to explain (show how they led to) the causes of the war. Some will be able to analyse ( show how types of causes worked together) the causes of the war.

Discuss through talk What is war? What causes it? Your experience? Link to early 17 th Century England – refer to preliminary lesson on James I and concepts of ‘King’ and ‘parliament’.

What is a cause? EVENT The thing that makes the event happen What happens as the result of the event CAUSE CONSEQUENCE

What are the causes and consequences of these events? CAUSE (What made it happen?) EVENT CONSEQUENCE (What happened afterwards?) Kirsty fell down the stairs Nick broke his leg Jatinder was in detention

What are the causes of the English Civil War? Things the King did which annoyed Parliament Things Parliament did which annoyed the King

What went wrong? Elizabeth was a very popular queen. She got on well with parliament. But by 1640, Parliament and the King were against each other? Why did this happen? Elizabeth had favourites (nobles who she liked and gave presents and rewards to). But she was clever enough to keep other important people on her side too. James I and Charles did not do this. The Duke of Birmingham was a favourite of James I. The other nobles did not like him. Buckingham tried to make himself more popular by joining in wars on Spain and France. But the attacks he led failed. In 1628, Buckingham was murdered. After the assassination of Buckingham in 1628, Charles began to rely heavily on his wife, Henrietta Maria. He also relied on some important ministers – William Laud, the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Earl of Strafford who ruled the north of England and Ireland. Charles didn’t really consult parliament and began to build up enemies. Like his father, Charles believed in the Divine Right of Kings.

What went wrong? Elizabeth was a very popular queen. She got on well with parliament. But by 1640, Parliament and the King were against each other? Why did this happen? The first reason was because of King James’ belief about the power of Kings. He believed in the Divine Right of Kings. This meant that Kings were chosen by God and could do what they liked. Elizabeth had asked Parliament for their views but James didn’t believe they had a right to advise him. James got annoyed when Parliament criticised him or tried to tell him how to rule. Parliament got annoyed when James lectured them about the Divine Right of Kings and often tried to rule without them. Another reason that Parliament were unhappy with James was that he had favourites (nobles who he liked and gave presents and rewards to). Elizabeth had been clever enough to keep other important people on her side but James I did not do this. The Duke of Buckingham was a favourite of James I. The other nobles did not like him. Buckingham tried to make himself more popular by joining in wars on Spain and France. But the attacks he led failed. In 1625 James I died and was succeeded by his son Charles. Charles also upset parliament by not asking for their help and began to build up enemies. He also believed in the Divine Right of Kings……

Different Types of Causes Political Cause Economic Cause Religious Cause A reason why an event happens linked to religious belief and God A reason why an event happens linked to the way a country is run/ governed A reason why an event happens linked to money and finance

Different Types of Causes A Long Term Cause A reason why an event happened that took place over a long period of time and a long time before the event. (Before 1640) A Short Term Cause A reason why an event happened that took place just before the event. (After 1640)

A sequence for teaching writing Establish clear aims Provide example Explore the features of the text Define the conventions Demonstrate how it is written Compose together Scaffold the first attempts Independent writing Draw out key learning

Political Economic Religious CAUSES OF THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR

1.James I believed Parliament should only advise the King on those things the King asked for advice on. 2.Charles I believed he was chosen by God and so parliament should do what he said. 3.In 1629, Parliament only granted Charles money for one year. Charles was angry so dissolved (shut down) parliament for 11 years. 4.Charles married a Catholic, the French Princess Henrietta Maria. 5.Charles tried to impose religious changes on Scotland. The Scots fought back and Charles had to call Parliament to raise money for an army. 6.When the King needed taxes to fight the Scots, he raised them without asking parliament. 7.The King’s Chief Minister, the Earl of Strafford, was blamed for the mistakes the King had made. He was accused of treason and executed. 8.Charles reacted to ‘The Great Remonstrance’ by attempting to arrest 5 MPs. 9.Parliament wanted a say in the marriage of the King’s children.

What were the causes of the English Civil War? In 1642 the English Civil War broke out. Ever since Charles I had succeeded his father James I in 1625, the relationship between King & Parliament, already uneasy, had continued to deteriorate. The central argument was over the amount of power that parliament should have. This then developed into disagreements about religion and money. Why, however, did the quarrel reach such a level that the only solution was for England to go to war with itself pitting father against son and brother against brother.

Charles I, like his father, believed in the divine right of Kings. This was a view that the King was chosen by God and as a result could run the country how he wished. Charles wouldn’t accept that parliament could advise him on matters of government unless he had asked them. Parliament, however, believed that Kings were chosen by the people and felt they should have a say in running the country. Therefore when Charles asked parliament for more money to fight the Spanish in 1628, they saw this as an opportunity to assert their position. Charles, though, was furious at this and consequently decided to dismiss parliament.

The problem of money was to continue to be an irritant throughout his rule without Parliament …….. …… Charles’ decision to impose religious changes in Scotland backfired as the Scots refused to accept them and raised an army. Charles now needed money to raise an army to fight the Scots and was forced to recall parliament. Parliament, after 11 years in the wilderness, saw a chance to insist on the King changing his way of ruling before they would grant any money. Charles dismissed them, but the Scots invaded England so he called parliament again.

In conclusion, the Civil War was by no means an inevitability. The main factor causing the war was the obstinacy of the King in refusing to compromise or negotiate with parliament. To the same extent some members of parliament……. Once the King had recalled parliament in 1640 after the disastrous Bishops Wars, parliament sensed their chance to address their complaints. As a result events began to gather pace. Parliament felt that the Kings mistakes were mainly due to his bad choice of advisors and so their first target was Strafford, the Kings Chief Minister. Reluctantly, Charles signed the death warrant, fearing for the safety of his family. This encouraged parliament to push further and in 1641……

Words and phrases you should use in your essay therefore.. In 1642 the English Civil War broke out. On their recall in 1640, parliament sensed their chance… In 1637 Charles made a vital mistake…. because… The decision to rule without parliament, though Charles also made a number of religious changes. also… however… another example is… To begin to understand the causes of the Civil War you have to go back to James I… this meant that… moreover… In addition… In 1625 James was succeeded by his son Charles I, but relations between King and parliament did not improve. above all… especially.. in particular… thus… so… as a result.. although.. apart from.. similarly... In conclusion….