Urinary System Galena Park High School A&P Instructor: Terry E. Jones

A. Functions 1. Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body 2. Regulates water levels in the blood Galena Park High School A&P I. Function

3. Regulates the concentrations of electrolytes in the blood 4. Regulates acid-base balance of the blood Galena Park High School A&P

A. Adipose Capsule 1. Fatty Tissue 2. Surrounds each kidney 3. Holds the kidneys in place Galena Park High School A&P II. Anatomy

B. Kidney 1. Renal Cortex a. Outer region of the kidney b. Extends between the pyramids c. Contains blood vessels and collecting tubules Galena Park High School A&P

2. Renal Medulla a. Inner part of the kidney b. Contains the pyramids c. Contains glomeruli which filter the blood Galena Park High School A&P

3. Renal Pelvis a. Funnel shaped end of the ureters b. Also attached to the kidney c. Collects urine from all areas of the kidney and funnels it to ureters Galena Park High School A&P

4. Nephron a. Filtering units of the kidneys b. Millions create the urine c. Nitrogen wastes eliminated d. Other substances reabsorbed by the blood (sugar, salt, etc) Galena Park High School A&P

C. Ureters 1. Tubes that connect the kidney with the urinary bladder 2. Moves urine to bladder for storage 3. One for each kidney Galena Park High School A&P

D. Urinary Bladder 1. Sac structure for storing urine until elimination 2. Moves urine to bladder for storage 3. holds ml of liquid Galena Park High School A&P

E. Urethra 1. Tube that extends from bladder to outside the body 2. Eliminates urine 3. Males-through the penis 4. Females-anterior to the vagina Galena Park High School A&P

A.Filtration Process 1. Occurs in the glomerulus 2. Blood Cells and Proteins do not pass out of blood-too big 3. Filtrate is basically blood serum Galena Park High School A&P III. Process of Urine Formation

B.Reabsorption Process 1. Occurs in proximal convoluted tubule 2. Needed substances reclaimed 3. Filtrate is basically blood serum 4. Water reclaimed by osmosis Galena Park High School A&P

5. Glucose, amino acids, and ions are reclaimed by active transport 6. Urea is poorly reclaimed and is a nitrogenous waste to be eliminated Galena Park High School A&P

C. Secretion Process 1. Last chance to eliminate dangerous substances 2. Drugs, creatine 3. Potassium ions 4. Occurs in Distal tubule Galena Park High School A&P

A. Low Blood Pressure 1. Filtration system will not work 2. Wastes build up in blood 3. Solution-Increase blood pressure 4. Dialysis to remove watses Galena Park High School A&P IV. Homeostasis

B. Kidney Stones 1. Caused by high concentrations of salts in the renal pelvis 2. Salts crystalize-painful 3. May pass voluntarily 4. Ultrasound waves pulverize stones 5. Called lithotripsy Galena Park High School A&P

C. Renal Failure 1. kidneys shut down-little or no function 2. Causes a. Infections b. Physical trauma c. Chemical poisoning Galena Park High School A&P

d. Inadequate blood supply e. Prolonged muscle pressure f. Chronic hypertension 3. Treatment a. Hemodialysis-3 times/week b. Kidney Transplant Galena Park High School A&P

D. Urinary Tract Infections 1. Bacteria infections 2. Causes a. Bacteria from feces-females b. Poor hygiene c. Sexual contact with infected person 3. Treatment-Antibiotics Galena Park High School A&P

E. Incontinence 1. Sphincter muscle weakens 2. Causes a. Old age b. Young children- Emotional Problems c. Pregnancy 3. Diapers Galena Park High School A&P

F. Urine Retention 1. Prostrate gland pinches off the urethra 2. Male problem only 3. Treatment-surgery or catheters Galena Park High School A&P