Title Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 12 Image Slides

Fig arteriolevenule b. Capillary valve a. Artery outer layer middle layer inner layer c. Vein Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig blood flow arteriole capillaries arteriovenous shunt venule blood flow vein precapillary sphincters artery Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig. 12.3a Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. superior vena cava left subclavian artery left common carotid artery brachiocephalic artery aorta left pulmonary artery pulmonary trunk left pulmonary veins right pulmonary artery right pulmonary veins left atrium left cardiac vein right atrium right coronary artery left ventricle right ventricle inferior vena cava apex a.

Fig. 12.3b superior vena cava aorta pulmonary trunk left coronary artery right coronary artery inferior vena cava right cardiac vein left cardiac vein b. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. superior vena cava aorta pulmonary trunk left coronary artery right coronary artery inferior vena cava right cardiac vein left cardiac vein superior vena cava left subclavian artery left common carotid artery brachiocephalic artery aorta left pulmonary artery pulmonary trunk left pulmonary veins right pulmonary artery right pulmonary veins left atrium left cardiac vein right atrium right coronary artery left ventricle right ventricle inferior vena cava apex b. a.

Fig. 12.4a Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. septum a. left subclavian artery left common carotid artery brachiocephalic artery superior vena cava aorta left pulmonary artery pulmonary trunk left pulmonary veins right pulmonary artery right pulmonary veins semilunar valve left atrium right atrium atrio ventricular (bicuspid) valve atrio ventricular (tricuspid) vave chordae tendineae papillary muscles right ventricle left ventricle inferior venacava

Fig. 12.4b Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. b. O 2 -rich blood to body O 2 -poor blood to lungs O 2 -poor blood from body O 2 -rich blood from lungs

Fig b. septum a. left subclavian artery left common carotid artery brachiocephalic artery superior vena cava aorta left pulmonary artery pulmonary trunk left pulmonary veins right pulmonary artery right pulmonary veins semilunar valve left atrium right atrium atrio ventricular (bicuspid) valve atrio ventricular (tricuspid) vave chordae tendineae papillary muscles right ventricle left ventricle inferior venacava O 2 -rich blood to body O 2 -poor blood to lungs O 2 -poor blood from body O 2 -rich blood from lungs Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Page 218 TimeAtria Systole 0.15 sec Diastole 0.30 sec Systole Diastole 0.40 sec Diastole Cardiac Cycle Ventricles Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

a. b. c. pulmonary vein aorta right atrium right ventricle semilunar valves left atrium left ventricle superior vena cava right atrium inferior vena cava aorta pulmonary vein atrioventricular valves close (“lub”) semilunar valvesclose (“dup”) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 12.5

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. SA node a. AV node branches of atrioventricular bundle Purkinje fibers Fig. 12.6a

head and arms CO 2 O2O2 jugular vein (also subclavian vein from arms) Carotid artery (also subclavian artery to arms) CO 2 O2O2 O2O2 lungs pulmonary artery pulmonary vein superior vena cava aorta O2O2 heart inferior vena cava hepatic vein mesenteric arteries liver digestive tract hepatic portal vein renal vein iliac vein CO 2 renal artery iliac artery kidneys Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 12.7

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. common carotid artery internal jugular vein superior vena cava renal artery inferior vena cava mesenteric vein common iliac vein femoral artery femoral vein common iliac artery external jugular vein subclavian artery subclavian vein aorta renal vein mesenteric artery great saphenous vein Fig. 12.8

arteriesarteriolescapillariesvenulesveins Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 12.9a

Magnitude Blood Flow arteriesarteriolescapillariesvenulesveins blood pressure velocity Total cross-sectional area of vessels Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 12.9b

Magnitude Blood Flow arteriesarteriolescapillariesvenulesveins blood pressure velocity Total cross-sectional area of vessels Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig. 12.9

to heart a. Contracted skeletal muscle pushes blood past open valve. b. Closed valve prevents back ward flow of blood. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fig

Fig a a. Plasma (about 55% of whole blood) Formed elements Leukocytes and platelets (<1% of whole blood) Erythrocytes (about 45% of whole blood) Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig b Function Plasma Aid metabolism Excretion by kidneys Varied Nutrients Other Gases Liver Nitrogenous wastes Food for cells Liver B lymphocytes Plasma proteins (7–8% of plasma) Albumin Antibodies FibrinogenClotting Fight infection b. TypeSource Water (90–92% of plasma) Maintains blood volume; transports molecules Absorbed from intestine Maintain blood osmotic pressure and pH Maintains blood volume and pressure, transport Salts (less than 1% of plasma) Maintain blood osmotic pressure and pH; aid metabolism Absorbed from intestine Oxygen Carbon dioxide Cellular respiration End product of metabolism Lungs Tissues Lipids Glucose Amino acids Absorbed from intestine Urea Uric acid Hormones, vitamins, etc. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fig d Function and Description Granular leukocytes Fight infection 1–4% 40–70% 4–8% 20–45% Lymphocytes* Agranular leukocytes Aid clotting 0–1% d. TypeSource Red blood cells (erythr ocytes) Formed Elements Transport O 2 and help transport CO 2 Red bone marrow 4 million–6 million per mm 3 blood 7–8 µm in diameter Bright-red to dark-purple biconcave disks without nuclei White blood cells (leukocytes) 5,000–11,000 per mm 3 blood Red bone marrow Neutrophils* 10–14 µm in diameter Spherical cells with multilobed nuclei; fine, Pink granules in cytoplasm; phagocytize pathogens 10–14 µm in diameter Spherical cells with Bilobed nuclei; coarse, deep-red, uniformly sized Granules in cytoplasm; Phagocytize antigen- antibody complexes and allergens Eosinophils* Basophils* 10–12 µm in diameter Spherical cells with lobed nuclei; large, irregularly shaped, deep-blue granules in cytoplasm; release histamine, which promotes blood flow to injured tissues 5–17 µm in diameter (average 9–10 µm) Spherical cells with large, round nuclei; responsible for specific immunity 10–24 µm in diameter Large spherical cells with kidney-shaped, round, or lobed nuclei; become macrophages that phagocytize pathogens and cellular debris Platelets (thrombocytes) Red bone marrow 150,000–300,000 per mm 3 blood * Appearance with Wright’s stain. 2–4 m m in diameter Disk-shaped cell fragments with no nuclei; purple granules in cytoplasm Monocytes*

Fig c helical shape of the polypeptide molecule heme group iron c. Hemoglobin molecule Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Fibrinogen Ca Blood vessel is punctured. 2. Platelets congregate and form a plug. 3. Platelets and damaged tissue cells release prothrombin activator, which initiates a cascade of enzymatic reactions. 4. Fibrin threads form and trap red blood cells. a. Blood-clotting process Prothrombin activator ProthrombinThrombin Fibrin threads Ca2 + Fig a

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1. Blood vessel is punctured. Fig

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1. Blood vessel is punctured. 2. Platelets congregate and form a plug. Fig

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Fibrinogen Ca Blood vessel is punctured. 2. Platelets congregate and form a plug. 3. Platelets and damaged tissue cells release prothrombin activator, which initiates a cascade of enzymatic reactions. Prothrombin activator ProthrombinThrombin Fibrin threads Ca2 + Fig

Table 12.1

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Granular leukocytes megakaryoblasts megakaryocytes erythroblasts Red blood cells White blood cells erythrocytesthrombocytes Platelets basophilseosinophilsneutrophilsmonocytes lymphoblastsmyeloblasts Agranular leukocytes monoblasts Myeloid stem cells Stem cells Lymphatic stem cell Multipotent stem cells in red bone marrow divide to produce specific stem cells. Early differentiation separates myeloid stem cells from lymphatic stem cells. Multipotent stem cells Myeloblasts, monoblasts, and lymphoblasts produce the white blood cells. Tlymphocytes processed in thymus B lymphocytes processed in bone marrow Fig

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. glucose salt Arterial end Blood pressure is higher than osmotic pressure. Net pressure out. Venous end Osmotic pressure is higher than blood pressure. Net pressure in. from heart Tissue fluid to heart water oxygen amino acids carbon dioxide wastes water venule plasma protein blood pressure osmotic pressure arteriole smooth muscle fiber Fig

Fig Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. arteriole blood capillary venule excess tissue fluid tissue cells lymphatic capillaries lymphatic duct Fig

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. stent catheter a. Artery is closed.b. Stent is placed.c. Balloon is inflated. arterial wall Fig

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Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. a. c. d. e. f. b. Page 233

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. a. b. Page 234