An Era of Nationalism 7.3

Objectives Analyze the causes and effects of nationalism on domestic policy during the years following the War of 1812. Describe the impact of nationalism on the nation’s foreign policy. Summarize the struggle over the issue of slavery as the nation grew.

Key Parts Nationalism Shapes Domestic Policies Nationalism Influences Foreign Affairs The Nation Compromises Over Slavery

Introduction Read Section 7.3 Answer Questions 3 and 6 on the Section 3 Assessment. Pg. 247

Nationalism Shapes Domestic Policies Henry Clay was one of the leading advocates of this new economic nationalism. He came up with the concept of the American System. It supported the protective tariff of 1816, also wanted the federal government to build new roads and canals to link the Atlantic states with the Midwest.

Cont. Clay insisted that the tariff and the internal improvements would work together to tie the different regions into a harmonious and prosperous whole. Clay also favored a national bank because it regulates the value of a dollar. He established the second Bank of the United States.

Marshall and the Supreme Court Boost Federal Power John Marshall served as Chief Justice from 1801-1835. He favored a strong federal government and a national economy. Marbury v. Madison (1803) gave Judicial review Marshall also insisted upon the sanctity of contracts in Fletcher v. Peck (1810)

Cont. Marshall Court insisted that federal law was superior to state law and was established in McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Marshall Broadly interpreted the constitution to gain greater power to the nation government to charter a national bank via Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)

Nationalism Influences Foreign Affairs In 1819 American pressure and Adams’s diplomacy persuaded Spain to sell Florida to the United States. Adams-Onis Treaty ended Spanish claims to the vast Pacific Coast territory of Oregon. Monroe Doctrine was a foreign policy that responded to threats by European powers to help Spain recover Latin American colonies that had declared their independence.

Cont. Monroe Doctrine cont.- European monarchies had no business meddling with American republics, in return the United States promised to stay out of European affairs. The Monroe Doctrine meant little in 1823 when the Americans lacked the army and navy to enforce it.

The Nation Compromises Over Slavery During 1819 the Union had an equal number of slave and free states, which meant equal regional power in the United States Senate. Missouri was trying to enter the Union, so either way it was going to tip the scales to favor one side or the other. (slave or non slave) In 1820, Henry Clay crafted the Missouri Compromise. –The northern district of Massachusetts would enter the Union as the free state of Main to balance the admission of Missouri as a slave state.