Conduction D. Crowley, 2008.

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Presentation transcript:

Conduction D. Crowley, 2008

Conduction To know how energy travels by conduction, and to understand the terms conductor and insulator

Temperature It is necessary to know some common temperatures we come across – using the worksheet colour in the thermometer readings for the six temperatures Temperature: - In a room: 25ºC In a fridge: 5ºC In a freezer: -18ºC Boiling point of water: 100ºC Freezing point of water: 0ºC Freezing point of dilute salt solution: -8ºC

Temperature & Heat Remember: - Heat is a form of energy Temperature is a measurement of that energy

Thermal (Heat) Energy Thermal (heat) energy is one of the forms of energy The types of energy are: - Electrical energy - a current in a circuit etc… Light energy - from the sun; a light bulb etc… Sound energy - from a loudspeaker; a drum etc… Kinetic (movement) energy - anything which moves! Nuclear energy - transferred during a nuclear reaction Thermal (heat) energy - transferred from hot to colder objects Radiant heat (infra red) energy - transferred as electromagnetic radiation by hot objects Gravitational potential energy - possessed by anything with the ability to fall Elastic potential energy - stretched springs; elastic and rubber bands etc… Chemical energy - possessed by food; fuels; batteries etc…

Heat Transfer Thermal energy (heat) moves from one place to another because of the difference in temperature between them The energy transfer is always from hot to cold and it can happen in three ways: - Conduction Convection Radiation

Demo The energy is passed quite differently in these 3 processes: - In conduction, energy is passed from atom to atom – like passing a tennis ball from person to person in a chain to get it from the left to right side of the room… In convection, energy is carried around by the particles – like carrying the tennis ball individually from the left to right side of the room In radiation, energy is given off by hot objects, and absorbed by another – like throwing the tennis ball from one side to the other!

Conduction In conduction energy is passed from atom to atom It is the most important type of heat transfer in solids Vibrating particles pass on their extra vibrational energy to their neighbouring particles

Conduction Circus Your task is to visit each of the stations and answer the question posed there…

Station 1 Different spoons How would you describe the 2 materials? What are the advantages of using a plastic spoon and a metal spoon?

Station 2 Different blocks Describe what you feel when you touch the different blocks Are all the blocks the same temperature – they have all been kept in the same place during the night!

Station 3 Insulators Which is the best insulating material? How can you tell this?

Station 4 Insulators Feel the three materials – which is the best insulator? What do they all have trapped inside them?

Station 5 Saucepan Look at the saucepan – what are they made in this way?

Conductors & Insulators Substances that allow thermal energy to move easily through them are called conductors - metals are good conductors of thermal energy Substances that do not allow thermal energy to move through them easily are called insulators - air and plastics are good insulators E.g. the space shuttle has very specialised heat shields (10% silica fibre and 90% space) which can withstand the huge temperatures without melting (>1200ºC)