Pictures Endocrine 1 Endocrine 2 Repro 1 Repro

QUESTION: What are two features of the endocrine system? ANSWER: Ductless glands Coordinates with nervous system Slow responses

QUESTION: This type of hormone circulates in the blood bound to plasma proteins? ANSWER: Steroid hormones

QUESTION: Which hormone causes blood glucose to increase? Name the two ways it does this. ANSWER: Glucagon Gluconeogenesis Glycogenolysis

QUESTION: What causes diabetes mellitus? What are three signs of diabetes? ANSWER: Hyposecretion of insulin or hypoactivity of insulin Polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria

QUESTION: Describe the production of thyroid hormone? ANSWER: Iodine moves from the blood through the follicle cell into the lumen Thyroglobulin is synthesized in the golgi apparatus, moves to lumen Tyrosines and iodine combine to make T1 and T2 These combine to make T3 and T4 Form lysosome in follicle cell, this removes excess colloid T3 and T4 exocytosed into blood

QUESTION: What are the three types of stimuli for hormone release? ANSWER: Humoral Neural Hormonal

QUESTION: Name the anterior pituitary hormones. ANSWER: LH FSH PRL ACTH GH TSH

QUESTION: Hypersecretion of GH in adults can cause _____________, in children ______________. Hyposecretion in children can cause _________________. ANSWER: Acromegaly Gigantism Pituitary dwarfism

QUESTION: What happens if an animal is deficient in iodine? ANSWER: Lack of TH produced Goiter

QUESTION: Describe how lipid soluble hormones exert their effects on a cell. ANSWER: Diffuses through plasma membrane Binds intracellular receptor Enters nucleus Binds response element Initiate transcription of mRNA

QUESTION: The testes must remain _______ degrees cooler than core body temperature. ANSWER: 3

QUESTION: What are the three accessory glands in the male? ANSWER: Seminal vesicles Prostate gland Bulbourethral gland

QUESTION: Sertoli cells secrete three substances. What are they and what do they do? ANSWER: Inhibin – represses FSH ABP – increases T concentration in testes MIS – prevents formation of Mullerian ducts

QUESTION: What are the four stages of follicle maturation? ANSWER: Mitotic division of germ cells Nuclear arrest Cytoplasmic growth Resumption of meiosis

QUESTION: Describe production of estrogen. ANSWER: Cholesterol becomes testosterone in thecal cells T goes to granulosa cell Aromatase converts T to estrogen

QUESTION: ____________ causes ovulation ANSWER: LH surge

QUESTION: What mechanisms ensure that the sperm and egg meet in the uterine tube? ANSWER: Prostaglandins – reverse peristalsis, cervix mucus less viscous Peristalsis and cilia in uterine tube

QUESTION: What is the maternal recognition of pregnancy in humans? Cows? Pigs? Horses? ANSWER: hCG Interferon tau Estrogen Unknown peptide

QUESTION: Which gene determines if a developing fetus will be male or female? ANSWER: SRY gene

QUESTION: Describe the cortical reaction. ANSWER: Sperm moves past corona radiata Binds to ZP3 receptors Acrosomal reaction digests zona pellucida Sperm binds sperm binding receptors Plasma membranes fuse Causes rise of calcium, hardening zona pellucida and blocking sperm receptors

QUESTION: Identify the glands ANSWER: Thyroid gland Parathyro id gland

QUESTION: Identify the parts of a sperm ANSWER: Head Midpiece Tail

QUESTION: Name the different follicles and structures on the ovary. ANSWER: Primordial Primary Secondary Tertiary Mature CL

QUESTION: Name the layers of the endometrium. ANSWER: Stratum functionalis Stratum basalis

QUESTION: Describe the formation of mature sperm cells. ANSWER: