Exploration and Expansion YELLOW IS COLOR

Essential Questions What factors contributed to the Europeans entrance into their age of discovery and expansion? What factors contributed to the Europeans entrance into their age of discovery and expansion? What were the major differences between the overseas empires established by the Portuguese and Spanish? What were the major differences between the overseas empires established by the Portuguese and Spanish? What were the general consequences of European expansion into Africa? What were the general consequences of European expansion into Africa?

Technology of Travel Compass (China) Compass (China) *Astrolabe (Arabs) *Astrolabe (Arabs)Astrolabe Cartography (Ptolemy & Byzantine & Arabs) – latitude and longitude Cartography (Ptolemy & Byzantine & Arabs) – latitude and longitude Triangle-shaped sails (Arabs) Triangle-shaped sails (Arabs) Gunpowder (China) Gunpowder (China) Multiple masts Multiple masts

Reasons for Expansion Trade with Asia Trade with Asia Marco Polo Spices Cut off by Arab empires Economic and political expansion Economic and political expansion Three G’s Three G’s *GoldGold Glory God

Portuguese Traveled down coast of Africa (Gold Coast) and over to India (spices) Traveled down coast of Africa (Gold Coast) and over to India (spices) Prince Henry the Navigator – 1419, est. school for sailors Prince Henry the Navigator – 1419, est. school for sailors **Bartholomew Diaz – 1487, Cape of Good Hope **Bartholomew Diaz – 1487, Cape of Good Hope **Bartholomew Diaz Cape of Good Hope **Bartholomew Diaz Cape of Good Hope Vasco da Gama – 1498, around Africa to India Vasco da Gama – 1498, around Africa to India around Africa to India around Africa to India

Spanish Columbus (1492) Columbus (1492) Convinced Queen Isabella to support his journeyConvinced Queen Isabella to support his journey Landed on San Salvador, Hispaniola, and CubaLanded on San Salvador, Hispaniola, and Cuba Called natives “Indians”Called natives “Indians” Never realized he wasn’t in AsiaNever realized he wasn’t in Asia Amerigo Vespucci – suggested Columbus found the “New World” (Amerigo = America)Amerigo Vespucci – suggested Columbus found the “New World” (Amerigo = America) Magellan Magellan Magellan 1519 Portuguese sailor sailing for Spain1519 Portuguese sailor sailing for Spain Sailed around South America (Straight of Magellan)Sailed around South America (Straight of Magellan) Named and crossed the Pacific OceanNamed and crossed the Pacific Ocean Killed in the PhilippinesKilled in the Philippines Del Cano led ship that circumnavigated the worldDel Cano led ship that circumnavigated the world

Dividing the New World Spain & Portugal each claimed Spain & Portugal each claimed Turned to pope for help Turned to pope for help 1493 – Line of Demarcation was drawn 1493 – Line of Demarcation was drawn 1494 – Treaty of Tordesillas signed moving the line 1494 – Treaty of Tordesillas signed moving the line Brazil = Portuguese Brazil = Portuguese Rest of South America = Spanish Rest of South America = Spanish

Spanish Empire Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange Europe Received – corn, cocoa, potatoes, sweet potatoes, beansEurope Received – corn, cocoa, potatoes, sweet potatoes, beans Americas Received – disease, horses, cows, pigs, sugarAmericas Received – disease, horses, cows, pigs, sugar Conquistadors Conquistadors Cortes – took over Aztecs in MexicoCortes – took over Aztecs in Mexico Pizarro – took over Incas in PeruPizarro – took over Incas in Peru Encomienda Encomienda Encomienda European class/caste System based on SettlementEuropean class/caste System based on Settlement Natives became slaves controlled by SpanishNatives became slaves controlled by Spanish were converted to Catholicismwere converted to Catholicism

European Rivals Dutch (Netherlands) Dutch (Netherlands) Early 17 th century set-up trade company in India *Henry Hudson (1621) – claimed New Amsterdam on the Hudson River **Henry Hudson (1621) – claimed New Amsterdam on the Hudson River French French Looked for the Northwest Passage through America Da Verrazano, Cartier (Montreal), Champlain (Quebec)Champlain Jesuits sent and French traded with Indians for fur English English John Cabot Francis Drake Jamestown *Jamestown

Slave Trade Slavery not new to Africa Slavery not new to Africa Sent to Middle East for domestic work Sugarcane (Portuguese) Sugarcane (Portuguese) Changed slavery for Europeans Plantations in Caribbean and Brazil Grew fast Grew fast Grew fast Grew fast 16 th century – about 275, th century – over 1 million 18 th century – over 6 million African slave traders controlled slave trade African slave traders controlled slave trade Middle Passage Middle Passage Middle Passage Middle Passage Destroyed traditional African societies as demand for slaves increased Destroyed traditional African societies as demand for slaves increased

Triangular Trade/ Middle Passage Triangular Trade/ Middle Passage

Results of Expansion In Europe In Europe Economic successEconomic success Created rivalries countries fought over coloniesCreated rivalries countries fought over colonies In Asia In Asia Increased trade with EuropeIncreased trade with Europe Beginning of “Western dominance”Beginning of “Western dominance” In Africa In Africa Dramatic increase of slave tradeDramatic increase of slave trade European influence in the coastal areasEuropean influence in the coastal areas In Americas In Americas Destroyed native populationDestroyed native population Began European dominanceBegan European dominance

Was the “Age of Exploration” a good thing? Reflect on the positives outcomes of science and technology along with the horrors of the Colombian Exchange and the Middle Passage of Africans. Reflect on the positives outcomes of science and technology along with the horrors of the Colombian Exchange and the Middle Passage of Africans. DID THE GOOD(PRO’S) OUTWEIGH THE BAD(CONS)?DID THE GOOD(PRO’S) OUTWEIGH THE BAD(CONS)? Use your device TO SEARCH 5 PROS & 5 CONS OF THE “AGE OF EXPLORATION”.Use your device TO SEARCH 5 PROS & 5 CONS OF THE “AGE OF EXPLORATION”. Cite your sources, CREATE A CHART.Cite your sources, CREATE A CHART.