Ebola Virus Outbreak, 2014 Dr. Md. Shakeel Waez Asst. Professor (Medicine) Chittagong Medical College.

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Presentation transcript:

Ebola Virus Outbreak, 2014 Dr. Md. Shakeel Waez Asst. Professor (Medicine) Chittagong Medical College

Epidemiology

Ebola first appeared in simultaneous outbreaks in Nzara, Sudan and in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo. The latter was in a village situated near the Ebola River, from which the disease takes its name. Formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever. History

 The disease typically occurs in outbreaks in tropical regions of Sub-Saharan Africa  The countries which suffered frequent Ebola outbreaks includes Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Gabon, Ivory coast, Uganda.  The largest outbreak is the ongoing 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak, which is affecting Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Nigeria. Geographic distribution

Epidemiological determinants Ebola virus is a zoonotic Pathogen. Genus: Ebola virus Family: Filoviradae Order: Mononegavirates Fig. Ebola virus

Genus ebola virus comprises 5 distinct species:  Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV)  Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV)  Reston ebolavirus (RESTV)  Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV)  Taï Forest ebolavirus (TAFV). BDBV, EBOV, and SUDV have been associated with large EVD outbreaks in Africa, whereas RESTV and TAFV have not.

Host Factors Natural Hosts: Not known yet definitely. In Africa, fruit bats are considered most likely natural hosts for Ebola virus. As a result, the geographic distribution of Ebola viruses may overlap with the range of the fruit bats. Fig. Fruit bat

Animal to human transmission:  Saliva of fruit bats contains the virus  Land mammals and non human primates get infected by eating half eaten fruits  Human get infected when they come in close contact with infected animals Mode of Transmission

Human to human transmission:  Direct contact with blood, secretion, organs or other body fluids of infected people.  Indirect contact with environments contaminated with such fluids.  Health care workers have frequently been infected while treating patients with EVD.

Mode of Transmission

Human to human transmission

YearCountryCasesDeath 1976Congo Congo Uganda Congo Congo & Uganda Congo5728 Major Ebola Outbreaks

CountryCasesDeath Guinea Liberia Nigeria176 Sierraleone Total Outbreak (Updated 20/08/2014)