The Noun Phrase Jaclyn Cassiere Sara Kamali Nicole Terranova-Clark

Identifying Nouns  Context and function  Function of the word is based on context  Example:  The harm was minimal.  The drug harmed more than it helped. *The: Signal word for noun identification Section 1

Identifying Nouns (Continued)  Semantic Clues  Categorizes words by what they mean. (Person, Place, Thing)  Comes naturally to native speakers but poses a challenge to ELLs  Structural Clues  Position of the word in a sentence  Nouns occur after article (example: the)  Derivational Clues  Word endings provide us with clues (suffix: -ment amazement, movement, etc.)  Morphological Clues  S and ‘s are signals that help us identify nouns  Book(s), Pencil(s), Folder(s)  Justin(‘s), cat(‘s), girl(‘s) Section 1

Different Types of Nouns  Count and Noncount Nouns  Count nouns refer to those nouns that can be counted.  Books, animals, pencils, calculators  Noncount nouns are those nouns that cannot be counted in English.  advice, information, air, input, weather, harm  cheese, milk, chocolate, celery, salt, pepper  Crossover Nouns  Words that have more than one meaning and both count and noncount  Count when such nouns are used to describe members of a set, category, class or group  Noncount when its used in general sense (Much- noncount vs. Many- count )  *Discovery Activity 2: 2 Corners with Index Cards Section 2

The Noun Phrase What is a Noun Phrase?  Article + Noun  A cat  An elephant  The creature *Turn to an elbow buddy and create a noun phrase using the noun on your index card.

Structure Words that Signal Nouns Noun Signals  Articles  the (singular or plural) The definite article both signals a noun and tells us that a specific noun is being referred to. It does not refer to something general. -For example, compare these two sentences:  We like movies  We like the movies at Cinema I.  a/an (singular noncount only)  a – word following begins with consonant  an – word following begins with vowel  Beginning ELLs will make errors choosing which article.  These are NOT major errors. This will come with time. Hour, Honest, Horse, House Section 3

Structure Words that Signal Nouns (Continued)  Demonstratives  this, that (singular, noncount nouns)  these, those (plural, count nouns)  Demonstratives precede nouns and indicate relative location or position This, These – close either physically or mentally That, Those – further away  Quantifiers  some, many, much, few, a few, little, a little, a lot of, no, less  Quantifiers function to indicate a general number or quantity Section 3

Pronouns What is a noun phrase? (Revisited)  Article + Noun  Includes a noun and all of its modifiers. These modifiers include determiners and adjectives, as you can see in the chart below. Section 4

Pronouns (Continued) Types of Pronouns by Function  Subject Pronouns  found to the left of the main verb  tell us who or what the doer of the verb is, or who or what is described by the verb.  I, you, he, she, it  We, you, they  Object Pronouns  replace nouns or noun phrases in object position in the sentence  Object position means that the noun or noun phrase receives the action of the verb  Me, you, him, her, it  Us, you, them Section 4 Jerry reads. He reads. Mom holds Bobby. Mom holds him.

Pronouns (Continued) Types of Nouns by Function (Continued)  Possessive Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives  Possessive Pronouns – stand alone Replace Noun Phrases  It is mine.  Possessive Adjectives – followed by noun or noun phrase Form part of the noun phrase  This is my book. The possessive adjectives are bolded. The possessive pronouns are italicized. Section 4

Pronouns (Continued) Types of Nouns by Function (Continued)  Reflexive Pronouns  do not substitute for a noun or noun phrase.  Instead, reflexive pronouns are generally used to refer back to the subject The actress admired herself in the mirror.  They can also be used for emphasis I myself would never do that. I would never do that myself. The teacher wants us to present the projects ourselves. * Less proficient learners, particularly those who speak languages that do not have the same pronoun distinctions as English, often confuse the use of the object pronoun and the reflexive pronoun, producing such sentences as: She looked at her in the mirror. Section 4

Pronouns (Continued) Types of Nouns by Function (Continued)  Indefinite Pronouns  they do not refer to something definite, that is something known or specific.  Sometimes called compound pronouns because they are formed by combining two separate words  Singular third person verb form Section 4