Weather is the condition of the atmosphere in a place for a short period of time. Climate is the average weather condition of a place for a longer period of time.

 FACTORS AFFECTING WEATHER 1.TEMPERATURE 2. WIND 3. HUMIDITY (AIR MOISTURE) 4. PRECIPITATION AND CLOUDS 5. AIR PRESSURE

 Torrid Zone Tropical Climate ( wet and dry seasons)  Temperate Zone – Temperate Climate(winter, spring, summer,fall)  Frigid Zone Cold Climate (very cold; snow all year)

 altitude  latitude  rays of the sun  bodies of water  amount of rainfall  wind system *

* Elevation -The height of a place above sea level. *The climate in higher places is cooler than in lowlands. *As height increases, air becomes thinner or less dense (can’t hold much heat) *For every ft increase in height, the temperature drops by 3.5 ºC. ( km decrease of 7 ºC) * Example: Baguio and Tagaytay

- the distance of a place North or South of the equator. The nearer the place is to the equator, the hotter it is; the farther the place is, the cooler it gets. The equator receives direct sunlight, thus the temperature in places near it is high.

-The amount of sunlight a place receives Equator: direct rays from the sun (more heat/radiation) Temperate zone: slanting rays from the sun (less heat) North/South Pole: very little heat from the sun

-Oceans, seas, and other bodies of water control the earth’s temperature. -Places near bodies of water are cooler than areas surrounded by other land areas. -Land absorbs and loses heat quickly, while water absorbs and loses heat slowly.  Land Breeze (Night time) – cold air comes from the land  Sea Breeze (Day time) - cold air comes from the water

 Tropical areas are hot, with monthly temperature above 64.4 ºF or 18 ºC and they receive large amount of rainfall.  Temperate zone, there are differences in temperature and precipitation patterns. Winter can be quite cold because of heavy snowfall with at least one month, averaging below freezing point (-3ºC or 26.6 ºF). The warmest month has an average temperature of 50ºF or 10ºC.  Polar areas are extremely cold. They are quite dry although water is abundant in the form of solid ice.

- Wind is moving air. It is formed by the unequal heating of the Earth’s surface. - The Philippines’ geographical location contributes to its prevailing wind systems: a. Northeast Monsoon – Hanging Amihan; from Nov to March; blows from Siberia towards the Philippines; brings the cold temperature from northern hemisphere(winter). b. Southwest Monsoon – Hanging Habagat; from June to October; develops because of the cold air mass coming from the south, Australia, where it is winter. This cold front meets the warm front in the Philippines and causes the rainy season in the western part of the country. c. Trade Winds – from March to early May; blows from the North Pacific Ocean and reach the Philippines from the east. It brings rain only to the eastern part of the country.

-Philippines is located in the Torrid Zone, with tropical climate and also with: * 4 types of climate : Type 1- Two pronounced and 2 season: dry from December to May, and wet from June to September (Ilocos, Zambales, Central Luzon) Type 2- No dry season with maximum rainfall in Dec to Jan. (Catanduanes, Camarines Sur/Norte, Samar, Leyte, eastern Mindanao) Type 3- Short dry season that lasts only from 1 to 3 months with no very pronounced maximum rain period. (Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Viscaya, Kalinga, Apayao, Benguet, Ifugao) Type 4- Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year. (Batanes, Northeastern Luzon, western part of Camarines Sur/Norte, Albay, western Leyte) * 2 seasons (wet and dry) - The Philippines has very little changes in temperature but there are great changes in rainfall because of its topography. * Climate Change- is a broader term that refers to long term changes in climate, including average temperature and precipitation.

 A storm surge is an offshore rise of water associated with a low pressure weather system, typically tropical cyclones and strong extratropical cyclones.low pressuretropical cyclonesextratropical cyclones  Storm surges are caused primarily by high winds pushing on the ocean's surface. The wind causes the water to pile up higher than the ordinary sea level.windsoceansea level

Storm Surge vs. Storm Tide  Storm surge should not be confused with storm tide, which is defined as the water level rise due to the combination of storm surge and the astronomical tide. This rise in water level can cause extreme flooding in coastal areas particularly when storm surge coincides with normal high tide, resulting in storm tides reaching up to 20 feet or more in some cases.

Typhoon Haiyan Typhoon Haiyan, known as Typhoon Yolanda in the Philippines, was an exceptionally powerful tropical cyclone that devastated portions of Southeast Asia, particularly the Philippines, in November 8, Wikipedia Total fatalities: 6,201 ( ) Date: November 2, 2013 – November 11, 2013 Category: Category 5 Super Typhoon Affected areas: Philippines, Micronesia, Vietnam

Super Typhoon Yolanda is the biggest storm in history and that it is a direct result of climate change/global warming

Typhoon Yolanda (Nov.2-11,2013):6,201 deaths (as of Jan.14,2014)