The Periodic Table and Ionic Bonding: Part 2-Periodic Table Terms 1

Objectives -Locate periods (series) and groups (families) on a periodic table -Relate period number of an element to the energy level of its valence electron location -Name the group number families found in the periodic table and relate the group number to the element’s valence electron number 2

Important Features of the Periodic Table Period (series)- each horizontal row of elements on the periodic table 3

Period (Series) Properties Every element belongs to one of 7 periods Atomic number and mass increase across a period Period number = quantum number “n” = highest energy level of atoms where valence electrons are found –Carbon: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 2 2 nd period 131 – 40 Zr [Kr] 5s 2 4d 2 5th period 4

Group (family)- column of elements on the periodic table Important Features of the Periodic Table 5

Group (Family) Properties 8 main groups Not all elements belong to a MAIN group Atomic numbers and masses increase as from the top down in a group (family) 6

Group (Family) Properties Elements in a group have similar properties and electron configurations In an electron configuration, the NUMBER of valence electrons in the highest level is that element’s group 108 Ex 33 As [Ar] 4s 2 3d 10 4p 3 Group V- Nitrogen Family 7

GROUP FAMILY NAME EXAMPLE I Alkali Metals Na II Alkaline Earth MetalsCa III Aluminum FamilyAl IV Carbon Family C V Nitrogen Family N VI Chalcogen Family O VII Halogen Family F VIII Noble or Inert Gas FamilyNe Group #’s and Family Names

Group (Family) Names Label your periodic table I-Alkali Metals II-Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metals not a group III- Aluminum Group IV- Carbon Group V- Nitrogen Group VII- Halogens VIII- Noble Gases 9 VI- Chalcogen Group

Transition Metals Do not belong to a group and all are metals “d” is last in electron configuration Ex: 23 V [Ar] 4s 2 3d 3 Similar to Group II elements but some different properties because of the “d” electrons Two dots in their dot structure

Rare Earth (Inner Transition) Metals Do not belong to a group and all are metals “f” is last in electron configuration Example: 92 U [Rn] 7s 2 5f 4 Similar to Group II elements but also some different properties because of the “f” electrons Two dots in their dot structure

Summary 1. All elements are in a period (series) 2. An element… –can be in a main group OR –can be a transition element OR –can be a rare earth element It may NOT belong to more than 1 of these 3 categories

Objectives -Locate periods (series) and groups (families) on a periodic table -Relate period number of an element to the energy level of its valence electron location -Name the group number families found in the periodic table and relate the group number to the element’s valence electron number 13