Sociology 8 Deviance—Behavior that violates a norm Who decides what is deviant? Answer: each society decides based on morals etc

Deviance As a threat—unpredictable Society needs norms Why? Stigma--

TYPES OF DEVIANCE POSITIVE NEGATIVE Over-conformity to norms Rejection of norms Idealize norms Ignore norms Unaware of norms Ex: anorexia, Singapore & cleanliness Ex: crime

Costs & Benefits of Deviance Functionalism--Durkheim $ for police; social workers etc Erodes trust Costs of Deviance Clarifies norms Promotes social change; Creates unity Benefits of Deviance

Social Control- 2 types INTERNAL EXTERNAL -inside of individual -group -learn thru socialization -learn thru rewards & punishments -internalize norms—”what to do” -desire to be “good” people -integrity; fear of punishment -positive & negatives “Shaming” Example—shoplifting Which type of control is more effective?

Hirschi Study 2001 Deviance depends on the bonds between society & individual Social bonds: 1-attachment 2-commitment 3-involvement 4-belief **Bonds control individual behavior THE MORE BONDS YOU HAVE---THE MORE INTERNAL SOCIAL CONTROL YOU HAVE

FUNCTIONALIST VIEW OF DEVIANCE Anomie—the strain people feel when they are blocked in their attempt to achieve societies goals Strain Theory by Merton Gap between goal and means of attaining the goal Forces people to be deviant

5 Possible steps to Deviance Merton 1-conformity 2-innovation 3-ritualism 4-retreatism 5-rebellion **key criticism—just being “frustrated” doesn’t CAUSE deviance

Illegitimate Opportunity Theory Cloward & Ohlin Social classes have different styles of crimes Illegitimate opportunities— Opportunities for crimes—part of social life Urban poor Hustles—drug dealing, robbery, gambling, prostitution

Unequal treatment of minorities Prison time Death penalty Reasons: Lack $ Crimes against whites punished more Victim discounting— Don’t care about crime if it is done to someone of a lower status

White collar Crime High status people do crimes usually as they do their jobs Insider trading Tax evasion Embezzlement Huge $ to economy Usually treated better Less jail time “country club” prisons—ex-Governor Blagojevich

Symbolic Interaction Theories 1-Differential Association Who you associate with makes you more deviant Learned behavior- Age of exposure to deviance makes a difference “friends determine your behavior”

2nd SI theory 2-Labeling “scarlet letter-A=adulteress” Self-fulfilling prophecy Label people as deviant—then they will do deviant things Ex: Teen pregnancy Who gets labeled??? SAINTS & ROUGHNECKS

Labeling continued . . . Sykes & Matza—people resist labels Denial—of victim, injury, responsibility, Appeal to loyalty Condemnation-- Some groups like the label of “deviant” Ex: motorcycle gangs, street gangs

Types of Deviance Primary Secondary Occasional breaking of norms Life & identity centered around norm breaking Juvenile record, but no adult record Master status Ex: teens or college age Drink when not 21 Ex-gang members; career criminals

Conflict Theory Deviance 1-threatens status quo (or norm) 2-challenge beliefs 3-who makes rules??? Who decides on what is deviance?

Journal Agree/Disagree: The death penalty is cruel and unusual punishment and should be abolished in the US. Explain your view.