Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West The Court of Emperor Justinian, Mosaic from Ravenna, Italy, 540s

Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian ( )

Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian ( ) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia

The Great Church of Hagia Sophia, in present-day Istanbul, Turkey

Interior of Hagia Sophia (Notice the play of light created by the placement of 42 windows at the base of the enormous dome!)

Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest

Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian ( ) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies

Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian ( ) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies A. vs. Paganism

Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian ( ) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies A. vs. Paganism B. vs. Heretics (i.e. Monophysites/Miaphysites)

Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian ( ) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies A. vs. Paganism B. vs. Heretics (i.e. Monophysites/anti-Chalcedonians) C. Missions: The Christianization of Nubia

Coin of King Ezana I of Ethiopia (Axum), 330s First ruler to mint coins with symbol of cross (even before Constantine)

Map of Nubia: Modern-day southern Egypt and Northern Sudan

Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian ( ) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies A. vs. Paganism B. vs. Heretics (i.e. Monophysites/anti-Chalcedonians) C. Missions: The Christianization of Nubia III. Meanwhile in the West (5th to 6th century) …

Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian ( ) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies A. vs. Paganism B. vs. Heretics (i.e. Monophysites/anti-Chalcedonians) C. Missions: The Christianization of Nubia III. Meanwhile in the West (5th to 6th century) … A. Development and Role of the Papacy

Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian ( ) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies A. vs. Paganism B. vs. Heretics (i.e. Monophysites/anti-Chalcedonians) C. Missions: The Christianization of Nubia III. Meanwhile in the West (5th to 6th century) … A. Development and Role of the Papacy 1. Papal Primacy

Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian ( ) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies A. vs. Paganism B. vs. Heretics (i.e. Monophysites/anti-Chalcedonians) C. Missions: The Christianization of Nubia III. Meanwhile in the West (5th to 6th century) … A. Development and Role of the Papacy 1. Papal Primacy 2. Rome vs. Constantinople on Church Authority

Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian ( ) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies A. vs. Paganism B. vs. Heretics (i.e. Monophysites/anti-Chalcedonians) C. Missions: The Christianization of Nubia III. Meanwhile in the West (5th to 6th century) … A. Development and Role of the Papacy 1. Papal Primacy 2. Rome vs. Constantinople on Church Authority 3. Political Factors

“There are two powers, august Emperor, by which this world is ruled from the beginning: the consecrated authority of the bishops, and the royal power...Besides, most gracious son, you are aware that although you in your office are ruler of the human race, nevertheless you devoutly bow your head before those who are leaders in things divine and look to them for the means of your salvation.” - Pope Gelasius I, end of fifth century

Justinian, Byzantine Christianity, and Developments in the West I. The Reign of Emperor Justinian ( ) A. Early Accomplishments: Law Code & St. Sophia B. Campaigns of Re-Conquest II. Justinian’s Religious Policies A. vs. Paganism B. vs. Heretics (i.e. Monophysites/anti-Chalcedonians) C. Missions: Monophysites & the Christianization of Nubia III. Meanwhile in the West (5th to 6th century) … A. Development and Role of the Papacy 1. Papal Primacy 2. Rome vs. Constantinople on Church Authority 3. Political Factors