TISSUES NOTES PART 1

Learning Objectives  Identify the four major tissue types and describe their functions.  Describe the relationship between form and function for each tissue type.  Describe the three types of muscle tissue and the structural features of each.  Discuss the basic structure and role of neural tissue.

NOTES - TISSUES The human body is organized in the following manner: ATOMS MOLECULES CELLS TISSUES ORGANS ORGAN SYSTEMS ORGANISM (human)

TISSUE (definition) similar cells with the same function 4 types of human tissue: Histology = study of tissues I. EPITHELIAL TISSUE II. CONNECTIVE TISSUE IV. NERVOUS TISSUE III. MUSCLE TISSUE Ed Copies Mrs. Notes

Epithelial  General Characteristics:  -Main glandular tissue (glands)  Cells reproduce rapidly  Cells tightly packed together  Attached to underlying connective tissue by noncellular nonliving basement membrane

I. EPITHELIAL TISSUE Function: cover or lining of organs

Function Continued  1. protection  2. Secretion  3.Absorption  4. Excretion  5. Sensory Perception

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Simple Squamous  Location: heart and blood vessels, exchange surfaces of lungs  Function: reduces friction, controls vessel permeability

Simple Cuboidal  Function: limited protection, performs absorption and secretion  Location: glands, ducts, kidney tubules

Simple Columnar Epithelium long rectangles packed close together Function: to secrete chemicals & absorb nutrients Location: lining of digestive tract (stomach, intestines)

Stratified Squamous Epithelium Function: protection from injury cells on the bottom are round – they become flat near the top Location: skin

3. Ciliated Epithelium (aka: psuedostratified) similar to columnar epithelium, but with CILIA Function: movement of mucus or egg by action of cilia, nasal cavity, trachea and bronchi Location: oviducts (fallopian tubes) * there are other types of epithelium as well

Tracheal epithelium (ciliated)

Transitional Epithelium  Location: urinary bladder  Function: permit expansion and recoil after stretching

Figure 4.4 Transitional Epithelium Figure 4.4c

TISSUES NOTES PART 2

Part 2: Connective Tissue  General Characteristics: -Most abundant tissue in your body, found throughout -Binds structures together -Provides support, protection, framework, fills space, stores fat, produces blood cells, fights infection, and helps repair tissue.

4 common Types of Cells  1. mast cells (prevents blood clots) 2. macrophages (phagocytic ) Big Eater 3. fibroblasts (most abundant, produce fibers)  4. Fat Cells (adipose cells)

Loose Connective  Areolar: binds skin to underlying organs and organs to organs, space between muscles, throughout body

Loose Connective  ADIPOSE TISSUE - aka FAT, beneath skin, around kidneys and eyeballs, abdominal membranes. Function: Protective cushion, insulation to preserve body heat, stores energy, cells are called adipocytes

Dense Connective Tissues  dense tissue, closely packed, thick collagenous fibers and fine network of elastic fibers. Few cells, poor blood supply, thus slow healing.  Example?

 Tendon =  Ligament =

Fluid  Types  1. Blood  2.Lymph

Blood Break

Supporting  1. Bone  2. Cartilage

Function of Bone and Cartilage  Cartilage and bone support the rest of the body

Cartilage Types:  1. Hyaline: most common  2. Elastic: external ear, epiglottis  3. Fibrocartilage: vertebrae of spinal column, pubic bones of pelvis

Elastic

Fibrocartilage

Bone  Difference Between Bone and Cartilage pg. 108

 Osteoclasts: Tear Down  Osteoblasts: Build UP  B and B

Osteoclasts/Osteoblasts  SOl08 SOl08  SOl08

Stand up!

How to prevent osteoporosis?

Muscle Tissue  1. Skeletal  2. Cardiac  3. Smooth  mHQlQ mHQlQ  EginA EginA  3 Types of Muscle Cells WS

Nerual Tissue  NEURAL TISSUE IS SPECIALIZED TO CONDUCT ELECTRICAL IMPULSES THAT CONVERY INFORMATION FROM ONE AREA OF THE BODY TO ANOTHER  tps:// 9PY  Popcorn pg. 113

Neural Tissue  Neurons - transmit signals  Neuroglia - protection, support (supporting cells)

STROOP

 ___________: Spinal Cord  Importance of Cerebrospinal Fluid  Circle and transmit signals

 1. stand up  2. Sit down  What messages were sent?

Labeling a neuron  Clay

3 Main Parts