Chapter 1(a) Chemical Foundations

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1a–2 Figure 1.01a: The surface of a single grain of table salt.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1a–3 Figure 1.01b: An oxygen atom on a gallium arsenide surface.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1a–4 Figure 1.01c: Scanning tunneling microscope image showing rows of ring-shaped clusters of benzene molecules on a rhodium surface.

Figure 1.2: A charged mercury atom shows up as a tiny white dot.

Figure 1.3: Sand on a beach looks uniform from a distance, but up close the irregular sand grains are visible.

Igniting soap bubbles filled with a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen.

Figure 1.4: The fundamental steps of the scientific method.

Figure 1.5: The various parts of the scientific method.

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.1a–10

Figure 1.6: Measurement of volume

Figure 1.7: Common types of laboratory equipment used to measure liquid volume.

Figure 1.8: An electronic analytical balance.

Figure 1.9: Measurement of volume using a buret. The volume is read at the bottom of the liquid curve (called the meniscus).