Classification Systems

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Presentation transcript:

Classification Systems

Introduction to Classification Taxonomy science of identifying and classifying organisms Biological Classification organized grouping organisms into categories based on: physical descriptions evolutionary relationships http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kKwOlAqQoLk

Carl Linnaeus 1707-1778 Swedish scientist “father” of taxonomy classified organisms based on their physical similarities established the current binary naming system used to name species

Traditional Classifications based on human philosophical conclusions on the complexity of organisms called “scala naturae” based on the belief that species do not change or evolve organized in the following way: humans mammals and birds frogs and fish worms and insects plants

Traditional Taxonomic Levels taxon – category used in classification species – group of organisms that mate naturally and produce healthy offspring genus – group of species that share similar features family – group of genera that share similar features order – group of families that share similar features class – group of orders that share similar features phylum – group of classes that share similar features kingdom – group of phyla that share similar features Humans Kingdom – Animalia Phylum – Chordata Class – Mammalia Order – Primates Family – Hominidae Genus – Homo Species – Homo sapiens Examples – pg 17

Binary Nomenclature formal naming system developed by Linnaeus species are named using their genus name followed by their specific name Homo sapiens genus name is capitalized Homo specific name is not capitalized sapiens both genus and specific names are italicized Examples – pg 17

Create a dichotomous key using the following footprints. Dichotomous Keys used to identify species series of branching two part statements Create a dichotomous key using the following footprints.

Dichotomous Key – Plant Identification

Phylogeny science of evolutionary relationships between species based on the theory of evolution all living things are descended from a common ancestor species are able to change/evolve over time

Examples – pgs 22-23 Phylogenetic Tress diagram representing evolutionary relationships between different species created using fossil records and similarities in genetic codes Clade is a group of species that include a single common ancestor. Clades vary in size. A large clade can include smaller clades.

Think/Pair/Share Why are classification systems important in biology? What are some of the challenges in classifying organisms?