Copyright (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Bacteriostatic Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis: Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Clindamycin, Linezolid, Dalflopristin/Quinupristin, Chloramphenicol, and Spectinomycin Chapter 82

Copyright (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Tetracyclines –Broad spectrum antibiotic –Inhibits protein synthesis Uses –Rickettsial disease –Chlamydia trachomatis –Brucellosis –Cholera –Mycoplasma pneumoniae –Lyme disease – Anthrax –Helicobacter pylori Bacteriostatic Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis: Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Clindamycin, Chloramphenicol, and Spectinomycin

Copyright (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Tetracyclines—Adverse Effects Absorption—chelation –Calcium supplements, milk products, iron supplements, magnesium-containing laxatives, and most antacids Adverse effects –Gastrointestinal – Effect on bone and teeth – Superinfection –Hepatotoxicity –Renal toxicity

Copyright (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Macrolides (Erythromycin) Broad spectrum antibiotic Use if allergic to penicillin Adverse effects –Gastrointestinal –Cholestatic hepatitis –Superinfection

Copyright (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Clindamycin (Cleocin) Inhibits protein synthesis Can induce antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis Indicated only for certain anaerobic infections located outside the CNS

Copyright (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Clindamycin (Cleocin) (cont.) Adverse effects – Antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis –Hepatic toxicity – Blood dyscrasias –Renal toxicity – Diarrhea – Hypersensitivity reactions

Copyright (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Chloramphenicol (Chloromycetin) Broad spectrum antibiotic Inhibits protein synthesis Uses –Only for life-threatening infections for which safer drugs are ineffective or contraindicated Adverse effects – Reversible bone marrow depression –Aplastic anemia –Gray syndrome – GI effects –Peripheral neuropathy