Cell Respiration & ATP Notes 11/29/2011

Goals for the Day Be able to write the chemical equation for photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Be able to list and differentiate between aerobic & anaerobic cellular respiration Be able to Draw & Describe how ATP stores and releases energy

Question of the Day What is happening in the process of cellular respiration? What is the key product? (Why do all organisms have to do this)

ATP – a cell’s energy source Only molecule in organisms that can efficiently store and release energy Adenosine3 Phosphate groups Adenosine Triphosphate

Bonds hold atoms together in a molecule Bonds contain energy when broken they release energy useful to the organism

Break off a phosphate – RELEASE ENERGY!

Put the phosphate back on – STORE ENERGY!

Bonds hold atoms together in a molecule Bonds contain energy when broken they release energy useful to the organism ATP  ADP + P What happened in the equation above?

ATP 1. What is ATP ? 2. What happens when a phosphate group is broken off of ATP? What does it turn into? 3. What happens when a phosphate group is added to ADP? 4. In what cellular process is ATP made ? Cell’s energy source – Adenosine Triphosphate Energy is released – turns into ADP Energy is stored – becomes ATP Cellular respiration

As the Sun Rises Play Review Look back through the play script Answer the questions on the front side of the sheet. If you have time move on to answering the questions on the backside of the sheet

As the Sun Rises Play Review Word bank for back side of sheet Aerobic Anaerobic All ATP Bond Chloroplasts Chlorophyll Energy Glucose Mitochondria Opposite Photosynthesis Released Stores

Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration

Glycolysis – the first step of cell respiration -Glycolysis is the splitting of glucose -It takes place in the cytoplasm of the cell -It makes 2 ATP molecules out of glucose -It also releases pyruvic acid and hydrogen

Oxidative Respiration (aerobic process) – second part of cell respiration Takes place inside the mitochondria First part of oxidative respiration Produces 2 ATP, several hydrogens, and two molecules of carbon dioxide Where does the carbon dioxide go?

Second part of oxidative respiration Hydrogen released from Glycolysis and the first part of oxidative respiration goes into the electron transport chain. Hydrogen goes into the chain and meets at the end with oxygen Produces 34 ATP and water Where does the water go? Where did the oxygen come from?

How is burning fuel in a car similar to burning sugar in our cells?

RESPIRATION Burning fuel to release energy!

Cellular Respiration 1. What are the two steps of cellular respiration ? 2. Which step is more efficient? 3. Which step produces more ATP? 4. What kinds of organisms do cellular respiration ? Glycolysis & Oxidative reduction (aerobic respiration Oxidative reduction (aerobic respiration) All organisms

What Happens when Oxygen is Not Present after Glycolysis? We get FERMENTATION!

Fermentation Occurs in yeasts, some bacteria, and animals (including humans) Does not use oxygen Two Types Lactic Acid Alcohol

Fermentation Alcohol Fermentation in yeasts and bacteria… Products of glycolysis combine to produce ethyl alcohol Most of the energy from glucose goes into the bonds of the ethyl alcohol molecule. What do bonds contain?

Fermentation When would we not have enough oxygen? Lactic Acid Fermentation in animals…. Products of glycolysis combine to produce lactic acid Happens in the cytoplastm Only 2 ATP total are produced in fermentation (anerobic respiration) versus 36 in aerobic respiration

Fermentation in animals… Our muscle cells are forced to use lactic acid fermentation The accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle cells is one of the causes of muscle soreness

Cellular Respiration & Fermentation 1. When does fermentation (anaerobic respiration) occur ? 2. How does fermentation (anaerobic respiration) compare to aerobic respiration? 3. Which produces more ATP? 4. What are the two types of fermentation and what organisms do each type ? When cells do not have enough oxygen to do aerobic respiration Oxygen use, efficiency, ATP production Oxidative reduction (aerobic respiration) Alcohol fermentation: yeasts & bacteria Lactic Acid fermentation: animals, including us!