Complex mammalian gene control regions are also constructed from simple regulatory modules

Some ways in which the activity of gene regulatory proteins is regulated in eucaryotic cells

Fig 7-59 Model of the control of the human  -globin gene. - Some acting as activators and others as repressors. - The concentration of these proteins are thought to chang during development.

LCR (locus control region) - lie in far upstream from the gene cluter - appears to act by controlling chromatin condensation - many LCRs are present in human genome

Insulators are DNA sequences that prevent eucaryotic gene regulatory proteins from influencing distant genes

Bacteria use interchangeable RNA polymerase subunits (s) to help regulate gene transcription Cf) Eucaryotes employ three distinct RNA polymerase (I, II, III).