Unit 4 – Reproduction and Genetics Lesson 11 - Mendel and Genetics Colorado Agriscience Curriclum

Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics PP 2 I. Gregor Mendel A) Geneticist who first developed the rules to predicting the pattern of heredity –1) Monk who did experiments with peas B) Heredity –1. passing of traits such as coat color, polled or horned, height, etc. from parents to offspring

Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics PP 3 I. Gregor Mendel C) Breeding Generations –1. P Generation a) parental generation –2. F 1 Generation a) Filial Generation b) 1 st offspring of P Generation –3. F 2 Generation a) 2 nd Filial Generation b) offspring of F 1 Generation

Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics PP 4 I. Gregor Mendel D)3 Steps of Mendel’s Experiment –1. P Generation a) Allowed each variety to self pollinate for several generations –1. ensure that all offspring would display only one form of a particular trait (flower color) –2. Crossbred the two strains of the P generation - Recorded Data - Resulted in all purple flowers

Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics PP 5 I. Gregor Mendel D)3 Steps of Mendel’s Experiment –3. Allowed the F 1 Generation to self-pollinate a) Resulted in the F 2 Generation b) 1 out of every four flowers was white.

Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics PP 6 I. Gregor Mendel

Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics PP 7 II. Traits A) Chromosomes and Genes are in pairs –1. One chromosome is contributed by each parent –2. Chromosome Locus a) site where a gene is found on a chromosome B) Traits –1. For each inherited trait an individual has, there are two copies of that gene ( 1 from each parent) –2. Genes are what causes traits to appear a) each version is called an allele a) eye color, coat color, marbling, ribeye area, etc.

Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics PP 8

9 III. Genes Located on Corresponding Homologous Chromosomes may: A) Correspond to each other –1. homozygous B) Differ from each other –2. heterozygous C) Genes on corresponding chromosomes that control the same trait are called alleles

Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics PP 10 IV: Alleles A) Homozygous (BB or bb) –1. both alleles are the same B) Heterozygous (Bb) –1. two alleles are different C) The dominant (capital) allele is always expressed when it is present D) The recessive allele is only expressed when both copies of the gene are recessive

Unit 4, Lesson 11 Mendal and Genetics PP 11 V: Genotype and Phenotype A) Genotype –1. amount, order, and type of genes an individual has –2. genetic make-up of an individual B) Phenotype –1. Physical traits an individual possesses –2. Doesn’t take into account masked traits only expressed or dominant traits