Experimental Psychology and Psychics

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Presentation transcript:

Experimental Psychology and Psychics

Hermann Helmholtz (1821-1894) MYOGRAPH—”frog curve”

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920) Principles of Physiological Psychology (1873- 1874) 1879—first psychological laboratory at Leipzig

Wundt’s Psychological Laboratory c. 1910

Perceiving the Inner World Inner Perception —formulated by the Austrian philosopher Franz Brentano, in Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint (1874). Indirect noticing of mental events, not active focusing on them, e.g. I attend to a sound. Introspection or inner observation —an active reflection on the contents of consciousness, e.g. I attend to way I hear the sound.

Horizontal Kymograph c. 1916 Brass Instruments Psychology, University of Toronto

Hipp Chronoscope

Wundt’s Control Hammer From Titchener’s Photograph Album on Psychological Instruments, 1895, courtesy Max Planck

COLOR DISK ROTATORS From: Museum of the History of Psychological Instrumentation Eduard Zimmerman Catalog (1903)

Tone or Stern Variator c. 1910

TACHISTOSCOPE c. 1930 Stoelting, C. H. 1930. Apparatus, Tests and Supplies for Psychology, Psychometry, Psychotechnology, Psychiatry, Neurology, Anthropology, Phonetics, Physiology, and Pharmacology, courtesy, MPIWG

“Subject” and “Observer” became standard terms by end of 1900s. From,Spindler & Hoyer. 1908. Apparate für psychologische Untersuchungen., Max Planck Institute for the History of Science

Language, Myth and Custom Wilhelm Wundt Ethnic or Cultural Psychology on Language, Myth and Custom 1910-1920 (ten volumes)

William James (1842-1910) The Principles of Psychology (1890)

Psychological Laboratory,Harvard,1893 Nichols, Herbert. 1893. The Psychological Laboratory at Harvard. McClure's Magazine: 399-409, courtesy MPIWG

Münsterberg’s Laboratory, Harvard, c. 1915 From Roback, History of American Psychology, 1952

G. Stanley Hall (1844-1924) CHILD STUDY MOVEMENT

American Psychological Association founded 1892

This method of patience, starving out, and harassing to death is tried; Nature must submit to a regular siege, in which minute advantages gained night and day by the forces that hem her in must sum themselves at last into her overthrow. There is little of the grand style about these new prism, pendulum and galvanometer philosophers. They mean business, not chivalry.” (James, North American Review , 1875, p. 200). Functionalism—Consciousness as serving a function in the evolutionary process

International Psychology Meetings First international Congress of Psychology Paris, 1889 (hypnosis, and telepathic communication) Congress of Experimental Psychology, 1892 (some attendees: Francis Galton, Cesare Lombroso, Pierre Janet, even Hermann Helmoltz Congress of Experimental Psychology, 1896

World's Columbian Exposition Chicago, 1893

Spiritualism – in NY State, 1848 The Fox Sisters The Fox House

“The Medium and Daybreak” 1875 Spiritualist Publication

Typical Séance

courtesy of the Connecticut State Library Séance Participants, courtesy of the Connecticut State Library

The Mumler Case: Spirit Photographs? Mrs. French with her spirit son

of his Affianced, sits for his Photograph. Mr. DOBBS, at the request of his Affianced, sits for his Photograph. Unconsciously happens in at MUMLER'S. 2. Result--Portrait of DOBBS, with his Five Deceased Wives in Spirituo!!! Harper's Weekly, May 8, 1869

Spirit Photograph, with a Medium, from Lombroso, After Death What? (1908)

FOUNDING MEMBERS OF THE SOCIETY FOR PSYCHICAL RESEARCH (1882) Edmund Gurney, Henry Sedgwick & Frederick Myers

Eleanor Sidgwick Mathematician and member of the SPR

Amateur Thought-Reading Illustrated London News(1889) from Noakes, 2004

Thought-Transference From “Third Report On thought-transference” Experiment in Thought-Transference From “Third Report On thought-transference” Society for Psychical Research (1882-1883) From Noakes, 2004

Frederick Myers, Society of Psychical Research—1890s Subliminal Self: layer of the self just below consciousness, evidenced by trance, hypnotism and automatic writing. Emanations from this self were not abnormal, and could even be supernormal, or from a wiser self, beyond the everyday, narrow self (examples were Joan of Arc and Socrates).

Eusapia Palladino (1854-1918)

Experiments with Cardiographs, and Recording Cylinder From, Lombroso, After Death, What? (1908)

Luminous Bands in Séances Table Levitation Luminous Bands in Séances From Cesare Lombroso, After Death, What? (1908)

Leonore Piper, Medium (1857-1950)

Overview of Founding of Psychological Societies British Society for Psychical Research, founded 1882. American Society for Psychical Research, founded 1884 -- in 1887 formed a committee on experimental psychology. American Psychological Association founded in 1892.

Edward B. Titchener (1867-1927)

This method of patience, starving out, and harassing to death is tried; Nature must submit to a regular siege, in which minute advantages gained night and day by the forces that hem her in must sum themselves at last into her overthrow. There is little of the grand style about these new prism, pendulum and galvanometer philosophers. They mean business, not chivalry.” (James, North American Review , 1875, p. 200).