The “Bull Moose” Campaign of The Democrats  1912 William Jennings Bryan announced his support of Dr. Woodrow Wilson  Wilson was a governor of NJ  Didn’t allow political bosses to push him around  Attacked trusts & passed liberal measures  President of Princeton University  Ran on the platform of “New Freedom”  Favored small enterprise, break up all trusts, & shunned social welfare programs

The “Bull Moose” Campaign of The Progressives  Jane Adams put Teddy’s name on ballot at the Progressive Convention.  TR’s platform: New Nationalism  Inspired by “The Promise of Better Life” by Herbert Croly  Government should control bad trusts.  Also campaigned for female suffrage, different welfare programs - minimum wage and “socialistic” social insurance.  He was shot in the chest in Milwaukee

The “Bull Moose” Campaign of The Republicans  William Howard Taft  Taft Criticized Roosevelt saying that electing him again would result in a reign of terror.  Taft became very conservative offering a counter to two progressives  Asked for recall of federal judges and judicial decisions on constitutional issues  He spent a lot of time golfing

Woodrow Wilson: A Minority President  With Republicans split electoral votes  435 to Wilson  88 to Teddy Roosevelt  8 to Taft  Together Roosevelt and Taft got over 1.35 million popular votes  Wilson only got 41% of popular vote  Eugene V. Debbs got 900,000 pop. Vote  TR participation cost Republicans election  Taft went onto become Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 1921.

1912 Election Results1912 Election Results

Woodrow WilsonWoodrow Wilson  Born in VA and grew up in GA and Carolinas.  2 nd Democratic president since  Sympathizer with the South, a fine orator, morally appealing man, and extremely intelligent  Very cold personality and extremely stubborn.

Wilson’s “Triple wall of privilege”  Tariffs –  Underwood Tariff 1913  Substantially reduced import fees  Enacted graduated come tax  Banks  Looked bad after Panic of 1907  Investigation into banking –  Senator Aldrich- 3 rd Bank of the U.S.  Federal Reserve Board Trusts Federal Trade Commission Act 1914 Clayton Anti-Trust Act 1914

Other Progressivism policies and Reform  Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916  Made credit to famers at low interest rates  La Follette Seamen’s Act of 1915  Good treatment of American sailors  Workingmen’s Compensation Act of 1916  Assistance for civil-service employees during periods of instability  1916 Adamson Act  8 hour work day with overtime pay

Wilson’s Directions in Foreign Policy  Did not pursue aggressive foreign policy  Stopped “dollar diplomacy”  Repealed Panama Canal Tolls Act of 1912  Let American shippers not pay tolls  Jones Act 1916 – territorial status to Philippines  1917 U.S. bought the Virgin Islands from Denmark

Moralistic Diplomacy in Mexico  Mexico - exploited by U.S. investors for decades  Oil, RR, and mines.  Mexican people tremendously poor  In 1913 revolted and murdered president  Installed full-blooded Indian Gen. Victoriano Huerta  Rebels were violent and threatened lives of Americans in Mexico.

Moralistic Diplomacy in Mexico  Wilson would not get involved.  We had a massive immigration of Mexicans to America.  Wilson also refused to recognize Huerta  Wilson did let munitions flow to Huerta’s rivals  Venustiano Carranza & Francisco “Pancho” Villa

Moralistic Diplomacy in Mexico  1914 party of U.S. sailors arrested in Tampico, MX.  Wilson threatens force  Orders nay to take over Vera Cruz  Argentina, Brazil, and Chile helped mediated  Huerta fell from power  Succeeded by Carranza (who resented Wilson).

“Pancho” Villa“Pancho” Villa  Bandit/ freedom fighter  Murdered 16 Americans  January 1916  Gen. John J. Pershing  Sent to capture Villa  January 1917 U.S. withdrew troops

“The shot heard round the world.”

Thunder Across The SeaThunder Across The Sea  1914 Serbian nationalist killed Austro-Hungry Heir Franz Ferdinand  Austria declares war on Serbia  Russia declares war on Austria-Hungry & Germany  Germany Declares war on Russia & France  Germany invades neutral Belgium  This pulls Britain into war, which begins WWI

Quick World History Review  Who were the central powers?  Germany and Austria- Hungary,  and later Turkey and Bulgaria  Who were the Allies?  France, Britain, and Russia  And later Japan and Italy.

Neutrality In AmericaNeutrality In America  Wilson declares neutrality for U.S.  U.S. was mostly Anti-German  Kaiser Wilhelm II = perfect autocrat to hate  Attack on Belgium = ruthless.  German & Austro-Hungarian agents resorted to violence in factories and ports.

America Earns Blood Money  As WWI begins America is in recession  Americans tried to trade with Central Powers  J.P. Morgan helped finance Allies  This pulls U.S. out of recession  Germany uses submarine warfare  Wilson said they would be held to “Strict accountability.”  Lusitania sunk by German U-boat  Killed 1,198 and 128 were Americans

Reaction  Americans wanted punishment  Wilson kept U.S. out of war by notes w/ Germany  Germans skunk Arabic in Aug – 2 Americans die  Germany agrees not to sink unarmed ships w/o warning  Breaks this with Sussex  “Sussex pledge”-  agree not to sink passenger ships or merchant vessels w/o warning  If U.S. could get the British to stop blockade

Election of 1916Election of 1916  Republicans name Charles Evans Hughes  “Charles Evasive Hughes”  Democrats Woodrow Wilson  Slogan “he kept us out of the war”  Results:  Wilson electoral 277  Hughes electoral 254

Election 1916 ResultsElection 1916 Results