The French Revolution November 3-4, 2015 Objective: Students will analyze the origins of the French Revolution through text and written response. Warm-Up: Using the “During the Enlightenment” text, write a 40-50 word summary.

The French Revolution 11/3-11/4 Objective: Students will analyze the origins of the French Revolution through text and written response. Warm Up:What would cause you to join a revolution? What would you be risking by joining? *Pick up your Chromebook and pull up your homework chart

Get up and move! Be ready to explain your assigned cause of the French Revolution. ***You MAY NOT repeat what someone in another group said!

Where is the Money? In this cartoon from the time, Louis is looking at the chests and asks “Where is the tax money?“ The financial minister, Necker, looks on and says “The money was there last time I looked." The nobles and clergy are sneaking out the door carrying sacks of money, saying "We have it."

French Revolution Video Please watch the link below before the readings. http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/asset Guid/D17745B5-5E07-4DDB-8215-9320431C045E

Share a blank Google Drive document titled “The French Revolution” With your group... Share a blank Google Drive document titled “The French Revolution” READER’S APPRENTICESHIP

What happened at the Bastille that showed the king’s weakness? What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man? What was the name of the extreme political party that took over in 1792? What occurred during the Reign of Terror? What was the problem with the Directory?

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity The French Revolution

Write down what you see in each picture. What do you think these images represent? Picture 1 Picture 2

France’s Absolute Monarch: King Louis XVI Queen Marie Antoinette spent huge amounts of money on fashion. “Let them eat cake” Spoken about the populace when bread was scarce.

The Palace of Versailles The King and Queen of France lived in luxury at the magnificent Palace of Versailles outside of Paris.

The Financial Crisis The government of France was bankrupt and facing a serious financial crisis resulting from: * misuse and overspending. * an unfair tax structure that placed the burden of taxes on those least able to pay: the Third Estate.

The Feudal System Under King Louis XVI, French society was divided into three social classes known as the Estates General: The First Estate was the Church. The Second Estate was the nobility (titles with privileges). The Third Estate was the commoners.

The Three Estates Before the revolution the French people were divided into three groups: The first estate: the clergy The second estate: the nobility The third estate: the common people (bourgeoisie, urban workers, and peasants). Legally the first two estates enjoyed many privileges, particularly exemption from most taxation.

The Old Regime This cartoon from the era of the French Revolution depicts the third estate as a person in chains, who supports the clergy and nobility on his back. The Third Estate

Estates General meeting The King attempted to solve the financial crisis by taxing the nobility. But the nobility thought they should not have to pay taxes. So, the King called a meeting of the Estates General to address the financial crisis.

A meeting of the Estates General One vote per estate Clergy and nobility usually joined together to outvote the Third Estate Met in Versailles in May 1789 Voting controversy Each estate had one vote in the Estates General, despite the fact that the First and Second Estates only represented three percent of the population of France. In addition, since the first two estates always voted together, if the Third Estate disagreed with them there was little it could do with its single vote. When the Estates General convened in Versailles in May 1789, the First and Second Estates had about 300 delegates each, while the Third Estate had about 600 delegates. A controversy over voting arose almost immediately, as the Third Estate demanded that rather than having one vote per estate, each delegate be given a vote. This would have allowed the Third Estate the opportunity to gain a majority. The king, however, rejected this proposal. A meeting of the Estates General

The meeting of the Estates General May 5, 1789

How to vote at the Estates General meeting: by head or by estate? The representatives from the Third Estate insisted that all votes be taken by head, rather than by estate. Since there were far more representatives from the Third Estate than the First or Second, this plan would give them a majority. The King refused to grant their request and the Third Estate left.  

The Third Estate Awakens Note to teacher: Take a few moments to discuss this cartoon, titled “The Third Estate Awakens.” Compare it with the earlier cartoon in slide 6 on the Three Estates.

The National Assembly The Third Estate took action and established its own government On June 17, 1789, the National Assembly was formed After weeks of frustrating debate over voting, the representatives of the Third Estate declared themselves the “National Assembly” and claimed that they were France’s true representative body. They invited members of the other estates to join them, and some members of the clergy and aristocracy did so. The National Assembly was inspired by the influential Abbé Sieyes, who had earlier published a pamphlet that proclaimed the Third Estate and the nation were one.

Confrontation With the King Louis XVI ordered the Third Estate locked out of the National Assembly’s meeting hall The Tennis Court Oath The king reverses his position Louis ordered that the National Assembly be locked out of its meeting place. He continued to insist that the estates meet separately and that the National Assembly be disbanded. The National Assembly responded by moving to a nearby tennis court, where they vowed not to leave until France had a constitution. This “Tennis Court Oath” gained the Assembly popularity among the working class and poor, and they even drew some of the more open-minded clergy and nobles to their side as well. On June 27th, the king reversed his position and ordered the first two estates to join the National Assembly. He also decided to call French troops into Paris to try to keep a lid on the volatile situation. Artist Jacques Louis David’s depiction of the Tennis Court Oath

The Tennis Court Oath The group met in a nearby tennis court, called themselves the National Assembly, and agreed to the following: Known as the ‘Tennis Court Oath’, it read, "The National Assembly, considering that it has been summoned to establish the constitution of the kingdom... decrees that all members of this assembly shall immediately take a solemn oath not to separate... until the constitution of the kingdom is established on firm foundations...“.   June 20, 1789

The Tennis Court Oath by Jacques Louis David

The King was not willing to use force against the newly-formed National Assembly and eventually ordered the First and Second Estates to join them.

The National Assembly The National Assembly created a document, titled, “The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. ” It began: “Men are born free and equal in their rights.... these rights are liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression.” This was followed by 16 articles that talked of equality among men.

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen "Men are born free and equal in their rights....These rights are liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression. The fundamental source of all sovereignty resides in the nation. The law is the expression of the general will. All citizens have the right to take part personally, or through representatives, in the making of the law." The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

The Revolution Gains Momentum Back in Paris, conditions for the masses were not good. Food was expensive and in short supply. Rumors circulated that the King and Queen were responsible for this. French troops (military) responded by marching to the capital. This made people believe that the King intended to use force against them.  

The Storming of the Bastille On July 14, 1789, mobs invaded and captured the Bastille, once a fortress, now used to house political prisoners and store weapons and ammunition. Attempts were made to defend the fort but no guard was left alive. Revolutionary activity spread to the countryside.

Storming of the Bastille Rioting in Paris in early July Firing of Necker July 14th: a mob storms and takes the Bastille When rumors spread that the King was amassing troops, rioting started in the streets of Paris. On July 11th, Louis fired Necker, whose advocacy of easing the tax burden on the lower classes had made him quite popular among the Third Estate. Mobs in Paris reacted by seizing weapons from one armory and then attacking the Bastille, a prison and armory that was a prime symbol of royal absolutism. After a furious battle between the crowd and the prison guards, the Bastille fell; French soldiers had refused to stop the attack, a sign that Louis was losing further control. After the battle, the mob completely destroyed the Bastille. The fall of the Bastille became the main symbol of the revolution. It also marked the end of the king’s ability to enforce his authority.

The Fall of the Bastille

The Guillotine Dr. Joseph Guillotin Intended as a more humane method of execution Thousands guillotined during the French Revolution In October 1789, Dr. Joseph Guillotin proposed to the National Assembly that those condemned to death should be beheaded rather than hung, burned, or drawn and quartered. He argued that beheading was not only a quicker and more humane way to die, but that adopting a uniform method of execution would also be more democratic. In 1791, the Assembly consented and made the guillotine the official method of execution for France. It would soon became a prominent symbol of the French Revolution. The guillotine was first used in 1792; the crowd that had gathered to watch the new machine in action disliked it because death occurred too quickly—they preferred the gallows instead. During the course of the Revolution, thousands died by guillotine; at the height of its use in the city of Paris, over 1200 people were executed during a 13-month period (May 1793 to June 1794).

Execution of the King On January 17, 1793, Louis XVI was convicted of treason He went to the guillotine four days later on January 21, 1793 The Mountain convinced the National Convention to charge Louis XVI with treason for conspiring with Austria and Prussia against France. He was found guilty and sentenced to death. He was guillotined.

On August 4 1789, the Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen abolishing feudalism. Bastille Day (July 14) is still celebrated as France’s Independence Day.

Reign of Terror King Louis XVI was executed and the Reign of Terror began in which suspected enemies of the revolution were publicly executed by the guillotine. Across France, 30,000 people were killed upon orders by the leaders of the revolution.

Revolutionary ideals spread across Europe Revolutionary ideals spread across Europe. Other nations with similar social problems and political structures staged similar liberal independence movements.   The idea was that if the citizens of France could overthrow (and execute) their King, why can't the citizens of other European nations?  While monarchs fought hard to suppress this thought, and in some cases won, it still shows how great an impact the French Revolution had on Europe.

Legacies of the French Revolution End of absolutism Power of nobles ended Peasants became landowners Nationalism Enlightenment ideals As is the case with all historical events, opinions may vary on their significance or impact. What is agreed upon is that the Revolution brought an end to absolutism in France. Even when the monarchy was restored, it was not absolutist in nature. With the abolition of feudal privileges, the nobles lost their power and eventually their lands. The peasants and middle class came to possess land for the first time, and France became a nation of small landowning farmers. The Revolution and the foreign wars associated with it also gave the French people a strong sense of national identity. Loyalties had shifted from a king or queen to the nation. This “nationalism” that began in France was spread by revolutionary and Napoleonic armies to the rest of Europe. The struggle for national liberation became one of the most important themes of 19th- and 20th-century European and world politics. The Declaration of the Rights of Man was an outstanding example of the expression of Enlightenment ideals concerning freedom, equality, and rights. These ideals, along with the notion of equality before the law, would provide the basis for reform movements and new political philosophies in the 19th century.

The French Revolution DBQ 11/5-11/6 Warm Up: Why would a successful dictator be accepted after the French Revolution?

Jigsaw Activity with DBQ Each member of your group will become experts on their assigned documents dealing with the French Revolution. Member 1 (Document 1 and 2) Member 2 (Document 3 and 4) Member 3 (Document 5 and 6) Member 4 (Document 7, 8 and 9) After becoming experts, each member will share their answers with the group. These answers need to be answered in your assignment on Google Classroom. After answering all the questions in your Digital Notebook, start working on your formal paragraph on the French Revolution.

French Revolution text Prelude to Revolution Citizen Impact Political Change Reaction to Revolution