Contingency Tables

Contingency tables – or crosstabs display data so we can see if one variable seems to be having an effect on a second variable (does the independent variable effect the dependent variable?) independent variable: displayed across the top (column) dependent variable: down the sides (rows)

How are the smoking habits of students related to their parents’ smoking? Here are data from a survey of students in eight Arizona high schools: Both parents smokeOne Parent SmokesNeither parent smokes Student Smokes Student does not smoke

How are the smoking habits of students related to their parents’ smoking? Here are data from a survey of students in eight Arizona high schools: Both parents smokeOne Parent SmokesNeither parent smokes total Student Smokes Student does not smoke

How are the smoking habits of students related to their parents’ smoking? Here are data from a survey of students in eight Arizona high schools: Both parents smokeOne Parent SmokesNeither parent smokes total Student Smokes / % Student does not smoke / %

How are the smoking habits of students related to their parents’ smoking? Here are data from a survey of students in eight Arizona high schools: Both parents smokeOne Parent SmokesNeither parent smokes total Student Smokes / % / % / % / % Student does not smoke / % / % / % / %

How are the smoking habits of students related to their parents’ smoking? Here are data from a survey of students in eight Arizona high schools: Both parents smokeOne Parent SmokesNeither parent smokes Total Student Smokes / % / % / % / % Student does not smoke / % / % / % / % Compared to the entire sample in which 18.7% of the students smoke: -The value was higher with 22.5% of the students smoked when both parents smoke - On the other hand, 13.9 % of students smoked when neither parent smoked, this value is lower compared to the entire population.