IMPERIALISM/ SPANISH AMERICAN WAR Chapter 8 Section 1-4

Section 1-2

Imperialism Definition: Stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating the weaker nations. Definition: Stronger nations attempt to create empires by dominating the weaker nations. WHY? WHY? Economics – new markets for goods Economics – new markets for goods Nationalism –pride in ones nation Nationalism –pride in ones nation Militarism – building up your arms Militarism – building up your arms Humanitarian Issues Humanitarian Issues

The US and Imperialism US actively involved in imperialism by 1890 due to changing attitudes about “looking outward” US actively involved in imperialism by 1890 due to changing attitudes about “looking outward” Trade Trade Business (Standard Oil, McCormick, Telegraph) Business (Standard Oil, McCormick, Telegraph) Investments Investments Navy reinforced to protect American shipping Navy reinforced to protect American shipping

Differing ideas about expansion Imperialists: Those that supported expansion Imperialists: Those that supported expansion New Frontier New Frontier Access to foreign markets Access to foreign markets Anti Imperialist: Those that opposed expansion Anti Imperialist: Those that opposed expansion Moral and political arguments Moral and political arguments Racial Racial Cost a lot of money to expand Cost a lot of money to expand

US Involvement in Latin America US involved with Chile, Brazil, Venezuela, Cuba, and Panama US involved with Chile, Brazil, Venezuela, Cuba, and Panama Cuba Cuba Cubans wanted independence from Spain Cubans wanted independence from Spain Forced US to get involved by destroying US sugar plantations and mills Forced US to get involved by destroying US sugar plantations and mills US business owners put pressure on US government to get involved US business owners put pressure on US government to get involved

Growing tensions with Spain US sympathetic to Cuba (wanted to help free them from Spain) US sympathetic to Cuba (wanted to help free them from Spain) Published letter from Spanish ambassador saying that McKinley was “weak…” Published letter from Spanish ambassador saying that McKinley was “weak…” Philippine Islands (Spanish controlled) were desirable to the US for a strategic naval port Philippine Islands (Spanish controlled) were desirable to the US for a strategic naval port US sent USS Maine to Cuba to protect Americans in Cuba US sent USS Maine to Cuba to protect Americans in Cuba February 15, 1898-USS Maine sank probably due to an explosion caused by a fire, but the Spanish were blamed February 15, 1898-USS Maine sank probably due to an explosion caused by a fire, but the Spanish were blamed Americans called for war Americans called for war

USS Maine-1898

USS Maine Wreckage

War with Spain March 1898: Attempt at peace, Spain accepted MOST of the US demands, but… March 1898: Attempt at peace, Spain accepted MOST of the US demands, but… April 11, 1898: “Remember the Maine!” and war against Spain was authorized April 11, 1898: “Remember the Maine!” and war against Spain was authorized US attacked Spanish fleet in the Philippines— May 1, 1898 US attacked Spanish fleet in the Philippines— May 1, 1898 US rounded up Spanish fleet in Cuba US rounded up Spanish fleet in Cuba See page 266 in text book See page 266 in text book The U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898 because they needed naval stations in the Pacific to protect its new territory. The U.S. annexed Hawaii in 1898 because they needed naval stations in the Pacific to protect its new territory.

Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders Rough Riders: 1 st Volunteer Calvary Rough Riders: 1 st Volunteer Calvary July 1, 1898: Charge up San Juan Hill July 1, 1898: Charge up San Juan Hill US sank every Spanish ship in Santiago harbor on July 3, 1898 US sank every Spanish ship in Santiago harbor on July 3, 1898 “Splendid Little War” Secretary of State John Hay “Splendid Little War” Secretary of State John Hay Few American casualties (400 in battle) Few American casualties (400 in battle) Simple victory Simple victory

After the War US signed the Treaty of Paris with Spain in December 1898 US signed the Treaty of Paris with Spain in December 1898 Spain recognized Cuba’s independence Spain recognized Cuba’s independence Spain “gave up” to the US the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam for 20 million Spain “gave up” to the US the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam for 20 million “unincorporated” territories of the US “unincorporated” territories of the US Residents could not become citizens Residents could not become citizens Most of the US supported treaty, but others questioned it Most of the US supported treaty, but others questioned it

Philippines after the War Filipino rebels fought with the US against Spain thinking that they would get independence—The US did not grant it Filipino rebels fought with the US against Spain thinking that they would get independence—The US did not grant it Fighting between the US and Filipinos lasted for 3+ years Fighting between the US and Filipinos lasted for 3+ years Philippines did not gain their independence until 1946 Philippines did not gain their independence until 1946

Cuba after the War 1900 Cuba drafted a Constitution modeled after the US, but… 1900 Cuba drafted a Constitution modeled after the US, but… Cuba could not enter into foreign agreements Cuba could not enter into foreign agreements US could have navel bases on Cuba US could have navel bases on Cuba Must give the US right to intervene in Cuba if needed Must give the US right to intervene in Cuba if needed These stipulations known as the Platt Amendment remained in effect until 1934 These stipulations known as the Platt Amendment remained in effect until 1934 US Military government in Cuba for 3 years after the war US Military government in Cuba for 3 years after the war Set up schools Set up schools Restored economic stability Restored economic stability

Puerto Rico After the War Puerto Rico did not become independent Puerto Rico did not become independent US granted Puerto Ricans US citizenship in 1917 US granted Puerto Ricans US citizenship in 1917

Chapter 8 Section 3-4

Panama Canal Needed a better way to get from Atlantic to Pacific Needed a better way to get from Atlantic to Pacific France tried and failed France tried and failed Tensions with Columbia (who controlled Panama) resulted in the US becoming Panama’s protector and “acquiring” the land for $10 million Tensions with Columbia (who controlled Panama) resulted in the US becoming Panama’s protector and “acquiring” the land for $10 million In 1903 the US secretly supported a Panamanian revolt against Columbia because Columbia would not lease us the land to build the Panama Canal In 1903 the US secretly supported a Panamanian revolt against Columbia because Columbia would not lease us the land to build the Panama Canal Construction began in 1904 Construction began in 1904

Finished in 1914 (6 months ahead of schedule) Finished in 1914 (6 months ahead of schedule) Finished for $23 million (under budget) Finished for $23 million (under budget) Criticism to canal Criticism to canal U.S. took advantage of situation U.S. took advantage of situation U.S. used illegal means of acquiring canal U.S. used illegal means of acquiring canal Some people did not think we should have supported the Panamanian revolt Some people did not think we should have supported the Panamanian revolt Approval of canal Approval of canal Vital to American security and prosperity Vital to American security and prosperity TR took action and accomplished what needed to be done—Congress too slow TR took action and accomplished what needed to be done—Congress too slow 1921: Paid Columbia $25 million for Canal due to “illegal means” by which the U.S. attained it 1921: Paid Columbia $25 million for Canal due to “illegal means” by which the U.S. attained it

Foreign Policy Teddy Roosevelt’s foreign policy was very aggressive Teddy Roosevelt’s foreign policy was very aggressive “Speak softly and carry a big stick….” “Speak softly and carry a big stick….” Foreign policy ideas were discussed in “THE ROOSEVELT COROLLARY” Foreign policy ideas were discussed in “THE ROOSEVELT COROLLARY” The U.S. did not want any more territory The U.S. did not want any more territory The U.S. would get involved in a country if… The U.S. would get involved in a country if… Their government collapses and a foreign country wanted to take over (international police force) Their government collapses and a foreign country wanted to take over (international police force) They engage in harmful activities that would threaten the security of the U.S. They engage in harmful activities that would threaten the security of the U.S. The US would use force to stop European countries from interfering in Latin America The US would use force to stop European countries from interfering in Latin America

The Roosevelt Corollary dictated U.S. involvement in Latin American countries The Roosevelt Corollary dictated U.S. involvement in Latin American countries Latin America did not like/resented U.S. because the U.S. frequently was involved Latin America did not like/resented U.S. because the U.S. frequently was involved Congress displeased because they thought that Roosevelt “bypassed” approval and strengthened his power and weakened Congressional power Congress displeased because they thought that Roosevelt “bypassed” approval and strengthened his power and weakened Congressional power

Open Door Policy Teddy Roosevelt wanted to maintain an “open door” policy with China Teddy Roosevelt wanted to maintain an “open door” policy with China Trading opportunities Trading opportunities Mediated peace between Japan and Russia—vital to keep China open to trade Mediated peace between Japan and Russia—vital to keep China open to trade Won the Nobel Peace Price for his work Won the Nobel Peace Price for his work

Differing ideas about expansion Imperialist : Those who supported expansion Imperialist : Those who supported expansion New Frontier New Frontier Access to foreign markets Access to foreign markets Keep your competitive edge with European countries Keep your competitive edge with European countries Anti Imperialist: Those that opposed expansion Anti Imperialist: Those that opposed expansion Moral and political arguments Moral and political arguments Liberty for All? Liberty for All? Racial Racial Cost a lot of money to expand Cost a lot of money to expand

Michigan Department of Education High School Content Expectations U.S. History and Geography