Stoichiometry A chemical equation shows the reactants (left side) and products (right side) in a chemical reaction. A balanced equation shows, in terms.

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Presentation transcript:

Stoichiometry A chemical equation shows the reactants (left side) and products (right side) in a chemical reaction. A balanced equation shows, in terms of moles, how much of each substance is involved in the reaction. Stoichiometry is the study of the relationships of quantities of substances in a chemical reaction.

FeCl 3 (aq) + 3NaOH (aq) → Fe(OH) 3 (s) + 3NaCl (aq) one mole of iron(III) chloride reacts with three moles of sodium hydroxide to produce one mole of iron(III) hydroxide and three moles of sodium chloride. Several mole ratio fractions are possible:

FeCl 3 (aq) + 3NaOH (aq) → Fe(OH) 3 (s) + 3NaCl (aq) EXAMPLE: What mass of sodium hydroxide is needed to react completely with 10.0 g of iron(III) chloride? 10.0 g FeCl 3 1 mole FeCl 3 3 moles NaOH40.0 g NaOH g FeCl 3 1 mole FeCl 3 1 mole NaOH Convert Mass  MolesCompare Moles of eachConvert Moles  Molar Mass 7.39g NaOH is needed to react completely with 10.0g of FeCl 3

You Try FeCl 3 (aq) + 3NaOH (aq) → Fe(OH) 3 (s) + 3NaCl (aq) EXAMPLE: What mass of iron(III) hydroxide will be formed from 10.0 g of iron(III) chloride? 10.0g FeCl 3 1 mole FeCl 3 1 mole Fe(OH) g Fe(OH) g FeCl 3 1 mole FeCl 3 1 mole Fe(OH) g Fe(OH) 3 is needed to react completely with 10.0g of FeCl 3 Convert Mass  MolesCompare Moles of eachConvert Moles  Molar Mass

Limiting Reagent Problems You are given amounts of both reactants and asked to find the amount of product formed. Usually the amount of one of the reactants given is in excess The yield (amount) of product is determined by the reactant present in the smaller amount: the limiting reagent. First you decide which is the limiting reagent then calculate the amount of product formed.

FeCl 3 (aq) + 3NaOH (aq) → Fe(OH) 3 (s) + 3NaCl (aq) What mass of iron(III) hydroxide will be formed if a solution containing 10.0 g of iron(III) chloride is mixed with a solution containing 10.0 g of sodium hydroxide? STEP 1 – Find Limiting reagent 10.0g FeCl 3 1 mole FeCl g FeCl g NaOH1 mol NaOH 40.0 g NaOH = mol FeCl 3 given = mol NaOH given

Take either of these moles of reactants and calculate how much of the other reactant would be needed to react completely with it: Let us take moles of FeCl mol FeCl 3 given0.250 mol NaOH given Since MORE NaOH is given than needed it is in EXCESS FeCl 3 is the limiting reagent

Step 2- Calculate amount of product formed