Have your reading journal out on your desk. Prepare any forms you have to turn in and put them in the black tray on my rainbow table. Also turn in your Brain Art if you did not do so on Friday In your reading journal: Start two lists: Elements of literature that make a good story Elements you expect to find a gothic story

The words Goth and Gothic describe the Germanic tribes (e.g., Goths, Visigoths, Ostrogoths) which sacked Rome and also ravaged the rest of Europe in the third, fourth, and fifth centuries. By the 18 th century in England, Gothic had become synonymous with the Middle Ages, a period which was in disfavor because it was perceived as chaotic, unenlightened, and superstitious. HISTORIC CONTEXT

Gothic is not synonymous with Horror. Though Gothic fiction may have some horrific elements, there is a surprising lack of the kind of gore that is a trademark of Horror. Gothic literature often relies in heavily on the disturbing power of the unseen as opposed to the seen, and it taps into the primitive and deeply psychological to disturb the reader instead of just going for the cheap thrill. Gothic fiction was a branch of the larger Romantic movement that sought to stimulate strong emotions in the reader.

24 September March 1797 Walpole wrote what is considered the first gothic novel, The Castle of Otranto Published in 1764 Inspired by his reconstruction of his home and a nightmare HORACE WALPOLE

GOTHIC CONVENTIONS

Damsel in distress Secret corridors, passageways, or rooms Ancestral curses Ruined castles with graveyards nearby Priests and monks Sleep, dream, death-like states

Gothic architecture used pointed arches and vaults, flying buttresses, narrow spires, stained glass windows, intricate traceries, and varied details; its upward movement was meant to suggest heavenward aspiration. 12 TH - 16 TH CENTURY

The metonymy of gloom and horror. Metonymy is a subtype of metaphor, in which something (like rain) is used to stand for something else (like sorrow). For example, the film industry likes to use metonymy as a quick shorthand, so we often notice that it is raining in funeral scenes. METONYMY OF GLOOM AND TERROR

METONYMIES THAT SUGGEST MYSTERY, DANGER, OR SUPERNATURAL

The setting is greatly influential in Gothic novels. It not only evokes the atmosphere of horror and dread, but also portrays the deterioration of its world. The decaying, ruined scenery implies that at one time there was a thriving world. At one time the abbey, castle, or landscape was something treasured and appreciated. Now, all that lasts is the decaying shell of a once thriving dwelling. IMPORTANCE OF SETTING

The Gothic hero becomes a sort of archetype as we find that there is a pattern to his characterization. There is always the protagonist, usually isolated either voluntarily or involuntarily. Then there is the villain, who is the epitome of evil, either by his (usually a man) own fall from grace, or by some implicit malevolence. The Wanderer, found in many Gothic tales, is the epitome of isolation as he wanders the earth in perpetual exile, usually a form of divine punishment. ARCHETYPAL CHARACTERS