IP addressing

Table of classes A B C D E No of Hosts Per network No of Networks Host ID Net ID Value of w Class 16,777,214 126 X.Y.Z W 1-126 A 65534 16,384 Y.Z W.X 128-191 B 254 2,097,152 Z W.X.Y 192-223 C N/A Reserved for Multicast 224-239 D Reserved for Experiment 240-254 E

Example IP Address = 192.168.1.12/24(default class C) IP Address 192 Network ID 192 168 1 Host ID 12

Broadcast Address All Bite in Host Portion is 1 Example 1 : 192.168.1.0 Network ID 192 168 1 00000000 Broadcast ad 192 168 1 11111111 Broadcast ad 255

What is Broadcast Address of 172.16.1.0 ? 10.0.0.0 ?

First Address & Last Address Network Address = 192.168.1.0 Network ID 192 168 1 00000000 First IP Add 192 168 1 00000001 Last IP add 11111110

What is first and last IP address? 172.16.1.0 ? 10.0.0.0?

Network Address , First IP Address , Last IP Address , Broadcast Address of : - 192.168.2.100? - 126.10.10.10? - 1.1.1.1?

Subnet Addressing All bits that correspond to the network ID are set to 1. All bits that correspond to the host ID are set to 0

Default Subnet mask Subnet mask 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 Subnet mask 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 255 Subnet mask 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 255 255 255

Prefix Subnet Mask Class /8 A /16 B /24 C 255.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.255.0 C

Private Addresses Address Range Class 10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255 A 172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255 B 192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255 C These addresses can be used on a private network. they’re not routable through the Internet.

Count of hosts in class A Subnet mask 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Count of hosts = ( 2 ^m ) - 2 m: count of 0 ( zero) Count of hosts = ( 2 ^24 ) - 2

Count of hosts in class B Subnet mask 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Count of hosts = ( 2 ^m ) - 2 m: count of 0 ( zero) Count of hosts = ( 2 ^16 ) - 2

Count of hosts in class C Subnet mask 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Count of hosts = ( 2 ^m ) - 2 m: count of 0 ( zero) Count of hosts = ( 2 ^8 ) – 2 = 254

Subneting

Addressing without Subnets 172.16.0.1 172.16.0.2 172.16.0.3 172.16.255.253 172.16.255.254 …... 172.16.0.0 Network 172.16.0.0

Addressing with Subnets 172.16.3.0 172.16.4.0 172.16.1.0 172.16.2.0 Network 172.16.0.0

Question You should divide network 192.128.129.0 to 2 different networks. What is solution ?

Two way for calculate subnetting Binary Method Fast Way Method

Binary Method

divide network 192.128.129.0 to 2 networks 172 128 129 Network ID 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Default mask 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Subnet Host Network ID 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Default mask 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Subnet mask = 255.255.255.192 ( /25 )

divide network 192.128.129.0 to 2 networks Subnet mask is : 255.255.255.192 ( / 25) Network ID 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 If subnet is 00000000 then Network ID : 192.168.129.0 First valid host : 192.168.129.1 Last valid host : 192.168.129.126 Broadcast address : 192.168.129.127 If subnet is 10000000 then Network ID : 192.168.129.128 First valid host : 192.168.129.129 Last valid host : 192.168.129.254 Broadcast address : 192.168.129.255

In this example what is Network ID, First IP Address, Last IP Address, Broadcast Address ?

Subnetting in Class C One bit can not be use for host

Subnetting in Class B

Subnetting in Class A

Fast Method

Computing Usable Subnetworks & hosts Number of host address = 2^m -2 (where m is the number of host bits) Number of subnets = 2^n - 2 (where n is the number of subnet bits) Increment of subnets = 2^p m Example : n p Class B: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Network Host Subnet Count of hosts = (2^ 10) - 2=1022 Count of subnetwork = (2^ 6) - 2=62 Increment = 2 ^ 2 = 4

Computing Usable Subnetworks & hosts Number of host address = 2^m -2 (where m is the number of host bits) Number of subnets = 2^n - 2 (where n is the number of subnet bits) Increment of subnets = 2^p Example : n M , P Class C: 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Network Subnet Host Count of hosts = (2^ 6) - 2=62 Count of subnet = (2^ 2) - 2=2 Increment = 2 ^ 6 = 64

Example 1

Example 1 Network =200.10.57.0 subnetmask =255.255.255.224 What is subnetworks? What is range of possible address? What is broad cast address per subnetwork?

Example 1 (continue) Network =200.10.57.0 subnetmask =255.255.255.224 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Subnet Host Network Count of hosts = (2^ 5) - 2=30 Count of subnetwork = (2^ 3) - 2=6 Increment = 2^ 5 = 32

range of possible address Example 1 (continue) broadcast address range of possible address subnetwork address subnet no 200.10.57.31 200.10.57.1 – 200.10.57.30 200.10.57.0 subnet 0 200.10.57.63 200.10.57.33 - 200.10.57.62 200.10.57.32 subnet 1 200.10.57.95 200.10.57.65 - 200.10.57.94 200.10.57.64 subnet 2 200.10.57.127 200.10.57.97 - 200.10.57.126 200.10.57.96 subnet 3 200.10.57.159 200.10.57.129 - 200.10.57.158 200.10.57.128 subnet 4 200.10.57.195 200.10.57.161 - 200.10.57.194 200.10.57.160 subnet 5 200.10.57.223 200.10.57.197 - 200.10.57.222 200.10.57.196 subnet 6 200.10.57.255 200.10.57.225 - 200.10.57.254 200.10.57.224 subnet 7

What is Subnet addresses First valid IP Address Last valid IP Address Broadcast Address For Network address:192.168.10.0 Subnet mask :255.255.255.224

What is Subnet addresses First valid IP Address Last valid IP Address Broadcast Address For Network address:192.168.10.0 Subnet mask :255.255.255.240

What is Subnet addresses First valid IP Address Last valid IP Address Broadcast Address For Network address:192.168.10.0 Subnet mask :255.255.255.248

What is Subnet addresses First valid IP Address Last valid IP Address Broadcast Address For Network address:172.16.0.0 Subnet mask :255.255.192.0

What is Subnet addresses First valid IP Address Last valid IP Address Broadcast Address For Network address:172.16.0.0 Subnet mask :255.255.240.0

How calculate Network ID, First IP Address, Last IP Address, Broadcast Address of IP Classless?

Example 1 172 16 2 160 Host 172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 1 Mask 255.255.255.192 Subnet 4 Broadcast First Last

Example 1 172 16 2 160 Host 172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 1 Mask 255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 2 Subnet Broadcast First Last

Example 1 172 16 2 160 3 Host 172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 1 Mask 255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 2 Subnet Broadcast First Last 7

Example 1 172 16 2 160 3 Host 172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 1 Mask 255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 2 Subnet 10000000 4 Broadcast First Last

Example 1 172 16 2 160 3 Host 172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 1 Mask 255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 2 Subnet 10000000 4 Broadcast 10111111 5 First 6 Last

Example 1 172 16 2 160 3 Host 172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 1 Mask 255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 2 Subnet 10000000 4 Broadcast 10111111 5 First 10000001 6 Last

Example 1 172 16 2 160 3 Host 172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 1 Mask 255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 2 Subnet 10000000 4 Broadcast 10111111 5 First 10000001 6 Last 10111110 7

Example 1 172 16 2 160 3 Host 172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 1 Mask 255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 2 8 Subnet 10101100 00010000 00000010 10000000 4 Broadcast 10101100 00010000 00000010 10111111 5 First 10101100 00010000 00000010 10000001 6 Last 10101100 00010000 00000010 10111110 7

Example 1 IP Address: 172 16 2 160 3 Host 172.16.2.160 10101100 00010000 00000010 10100000 1 Mask 255.255.255.192 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000 2 9 8 Subnet 172.16.2.128 10101100 00010000 00000010 10000000 4 Broadcast 172.16.2.191 10101100 00010000 00000010 10111111 5 First 172.16.2.129 10101100 00010000 00000010 10000001 6 Last 172.16.2.190 10101100 00010000 00000010 10111110 7

Example 2 IP Address = 92.85.10.86 /10 What is subnet mask? What is Network number? What is broadcast address? 92.85.10.86 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 = 64 Network number = 92.64.0.0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 = 172 Broad cast address = 92.64.172.255 First Valid IP address = 92.64.64.1 Last Valid IP address = 92.64.172.254

Question in class IP Address = 192.168.15.19 /28 What is subnet mask? What is Network number? What is broadcast address? What is First Valid IP address ? What is Last Valid IP address ?