Metamaterial

Classification of materials All materials have unique permittivity(ɛ) and permeability(μ) EM response in homogeneous materials is predominantly governed by two parameters One of these parameters ,ε(ω), describes the response of a material to the electric component of EM wave The other, μ(ω), to the magnetic component at a frequency ω Both of these parameters are typically frequency-dependent complex quantities Another parameter that is useful to know is The index of refraction The index of refraction provides a measure of the speed of an EM wave as it propagates within a material

Classification of materials So we have 4 types of materials: ε>0 & μ>0 : Most known materials have this property RH : Right Handed Material DPS: Double Positive Material Refractive Index is real and positive ε<0 & μ>0 : ENG: Epsilon Negative Material Many plasmas exhibit this characteristic. Metals at very high (optic) frequencies At high frequencies metals act like a plasma So we have ENGs in nature but in high frequencies Refractive Index is imaginary 3. ε>0 & μ<0 : MNG: Mu Negative Material Ferromagnetic Materials (ferrites) Split Rings structure easy-to-access in low frequencies Refractive Index is imaginary So we have MNGs in nature 4. ε<0 & μ<0 : DNG: Double Negative Material LH: Left Handed Material or METAMATERIAL Refractive Index is REAL and NEGATIVE We don’t have METAMATERIALs in nature

Features of Metamaterials Veselago showed that if a medium has both negative permittivity and negative permeability, we can have Negative Index Refraction When the refractive index is negative, the speed of the wave, given by c/n is negative and the wave travels backwards toward the source Therefore, in left-handed metamaterial, wave propagates in the opposite direction to the energy flows For conventional material, the refracted waves are spreading away on entering and exiting the medium For Metamaterial, the waves are refracted in such a way as to produce a focus inside the material and then another just outside

How Can We Make Metamaterial 1967: LHM were first proposed by Russian Physicist Victor Veselago 2001: LHM realized based on split ring resonators - Resonant Approach towards LHMs magnetic resonance frequency of the double ring occurs at a relatively lower frequency This leads to a higher probability for the magnetic response to lie in the ε < 0 regime when combined with strip wires in the metamaterial structure

How Can We Make Metamaterial

How Can We Make Metamaterial By using Symmetrical –Ring structure By using Omega structure

Metamaterial Superstrates

How Can We Make Metamaterial Other structures

Applications of Metamaterial Shortening of the radiator sizes, increase in their pass-band and efficiency of radiation. Better directivity and input impedance

Applications of Metamaterial Dual-Band Hybrid Coupler Flat Lens

Applications of Metamaterial Broadband and High-Gain Metamaterial Microstrip Antenna

Applications of Metamaterial Metamaterial luneberg-Lens antenna

Applications of Metamaterial

Applications of Metamaterial Cloaking & Invisible Man Using as absorbers سیاه‌چاله‌ای برای پرتوهای نورکه می‌تواند در جیب لباس شما نیز جا شود. این ابزار که طول آن به بیش از 22 سانتی‌متر نمی‌رسد، می‌تواند پرتوهای ریزموج (مایکرویو) را به‌دام انداخته و آنها را به حرارت تبدیل کند. این سیاه‌چاله، درواقع آخرین ابزار هوشمندانه‌ای است که با استفاده از متامتریال‌ها ساخته شده است

Applications of Metamaterial Manufacturing of substrates in path antenna for Achievement of band width and the radiator size reduction Indemnification of electrical small antennas reactance In a wide strip of frequencies Formation of narrow beams by the elementary radiators Submerged on metamaterial Utilization of metamaterials for manufacturing superficial Wave antennas Decrease of mutual coupling between elements of Antenna array Electrically small resonators lower frequencies Infinite wavelength devices Electrically small antennas High directivity antennas Compact multi-frequency antennas Time delay lines Group velocity control Antenna phase center control Active elements: Low loss metamaterials Fast wave transmission lines Broad bandwidth electrically Lossless optical MTMs Electrically small lasers Electrically small amplifiers Electrically small sensors High-gain leaky-wave antennas Distributed amplifiers Tunable Phase Shifters Coated Nano Particles

Modeling Metamaterial In CST

Implement Metamaterial Structure In CST

Implement Metamaterial Structure In CST

Implement Metamaterial Structure In CST

Implement Metamaterial Structure In CST

Modification of the Gain with Metamaterial We should choose the frequency that produce : eps”,mu”=0 & eps’,mu’<0 Frequency=2.44 GHz

Modification of the Gain with Metamaterial