Volcano Notes Ms. Graham and Miss McGee 6th Grade Earth Science

Week 1 November 30 to December 4

Wk. 1 Day 1 Before: Volcano Pre-Test During: Notes form PPT Exit slip: Name the 3 locations that volcanoes are found.

Individual Volcanoes - Locations Subduction Zones: Association between volcanoes & subduction zones. Ring of Fire = Ring of Subduction Zones Continental Rift Zone: A few volcanoes are associated with rift zones. e.g. Kilimanjaro & others in east African rift. Hot Spots: Some coincide with plate boundaries, most don’t. e.g. Hawaii Galapagos Is., Iceland, Yellowstone.

Where are volcanoes located? Is there a pattern? Read the slide: Where are volcanoes located? Is there a pattern? Comment: Yes, and it’s at PLATE BOUNDARIES. By now it should be no surprise to see the same patterns in the locations of volcanoes as we did with earthquakes. Notice the lines in the slide, they represent the plate boundaries. Where are volcanoes located? Is there a pattern? AT PLATE BOUNDARIES

Around large inactive plates Near areas where elevation is changing Comment: Volcano locations correlate quite well with those of earthquakes. They are not randomly spaced over the globe, but are in lines around geologically inactive plates, near where the topography is rapidly changing. Patterns: Not random Linear Around large inactive plates Near areas where elevation is changing

Ring of Fire There are currently about 1500 active Comment: Two-thirds of the world’s volcanoes exist in the “Ring of Fire”, and the Pacific Northwest is a perfect example of what is happening. There are currently about 1500 active volcanoes around the world

The Ring of Fire The Ring of Fire is an area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. The Ring of Fire is a direct result of plate tectonics and the movement and collisions of lithospheric plates.

Wk. 1 Day 2 Before: Question of the Day Where is the Ring of Fire located? Open with Volcanoes by Jimmy Buffett https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IjGHwGkFIFw Notes

Volcanoes Dormant (still has seismic activity and lava flow) **Not currently erupting (but still could anytime) Active **Currently erupting Extinct (no seismic activity, no magma flow) **Not able to erupt (permanently)

GLOSSARY Bomb – a lump of rock thrown out in an eruption Crater – a deep hollow at the top of a volcano Eruption – the release of gases, magma and rock from a volcano Lava – melted rock that flows down the volcano Magma – melted rock inside the Earth Molten – melted, liquid Vent – a crack on the side of a volcano where magma can escape

Volcanoes How do volcanoes form? Deep inside the earth, heat and pressure cause rock to melt and form magma Why is magma forced upward toward the earth’s surface? Magma is less dense than the rock around it, so it is forced upward towards the earth’s surface

Volcanoes Where do volcanoes occur? Along plate boundaries and above hot spots AND rift boundaries A hot part in the middle of the mantle that melts rock that is then forced upward as magma Hotspot

Volcanoes An example of a volcanic area at divergent plate boundaries Mid Atlantic Ridge An example of a volcano at convergent plate boundaries Soufriere Hills Volcano (Montserrat, West Indies – 1995)

Volcanoes Volcanic eruptions can be Explosive Violent Quiet What 3 factors control the style of a volcanic eruption Water Vapor Amount of trapped gases Magma composition

Volcanoes A volcanoes form depends on whether it is the result of a QUIET or and EXPLOSIVE eruption and whether it is made a silica-rich or silica-poor lava. On Earth, silicon is the second most abundant element (after oxygen) in the crust,[1] making up 25.7% of the crust by mass. Silicon has many industrial uses. Elemental silicon is the principal component of most semiconductor devices, most importantly integrated circuits or microchips. Silicon is widely used in semiconductors because it remains a semiconductor at higher temperatures than the semiconductor germanium and because its native oxide is easily grown in a furnace and forms a better semiconductor/dielectric interface than any other material.

Magma! What is the difference between “lava” and “magma”? Magma is below ground and lava is above ground.

Wk. 1 Day 3 Before: Question of the Day During: Study Jam What are blocks of lava thrown out of erupting volcanoes called? During: Study Jam “ Volcanoes” After: Exit Slip Study Jam Quiz

Wk. 1 Day 4 Before: Question of the Day During : Review What is the difference between lava and magma? During : Review Mini-Q

Wk. 1 Day 5 Before: Question of the Day During : Review The form that a volcano takes depends on what two things? During : Review Mini Test